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Книга академика Р. Мехтиева "Шах Исмаил Сефеви: портрет правителя и воина" является 2-летного исследования автора и представляет собой наиболее законченный и системный взгляд в истории отечественной исторической науки на военно-политическое, идеологическое и дипломатическое наследие выдающегося государственного деятеля и полководца, основоположника первого централизованного государства в истории Азербайджана, державы Сефевидов - Шаха Исмаила Сефеви (1487-1524)....

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Delivered 1851 at the Women's Convention in Akron, Ohio

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On October 31, 1996, the Washington Post ran a follow up story to the San Jose Mercury News series titled "CIA, Contras and Drugs: Questions on Links Linger." The story drew on court testimony in 1990 of Fabio Ernesto Carrasco, a pilot for a major Columbian drug smuggler named George Morales. As a witness in a drug trial, Carrasco testified that in 1984 and 1985, he piloted planes loaded with weapons for contras operating in Costa Rica. The weapons were offloaded, and then drugs stored in military bags were put on the planes which flew to the United States. "I participated in two [flights] which involved weapons and cocaine at the same time," he told the court. Carrasco also testified that Morales provided "several million dollars" to Octaviano Cesar and Adolfo "Popo" Chamorro, two rebel leaders working with the head of the contras' southern front, Eden Pastora. The Washington Post reported that Chamorro said he had called his CIA control officer to ask if the contras could accept money and arms from Morales, who was at the time under indictment for cocaine smuggling. "They said [Morales] was fine," Chamorro told the Post....

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The Campaign against the underground press /​ Geoffrey Rips ; with reports by Aryeh Neier, Todd Gitlin, Angus Mackenzie ; foreword by Allen Ginsberg ; edited by Anne Janowitz and Nancy J. Peters. The Campaign against the underground press (History Series), was digitized in May 2008....

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Surveillance as censorship /​ by Aryeh Neier The underground and its cave-in /​ by Todd Gitlin Smoking typewriters /​ by Allen Ginsberg The campaign against the underground press /​ by Geoffrey Rips Sabotaging the dissident press /​ by Angus Mackenzie....

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The writer and journalist Rodolfo J. Walsh sent this letter, dated March 24, 1977, by post to the editorial departments of local newspapers and to foreign press correspondents. On March 25, 1977, Walsh was kidnapped by a "Work Group" and has been missing ever since. Once the dictatorship of 1976 began, Work Groups (grupos de Larea) were formed to carry out the extermination of any individuals considered enemies of the state. These groups, composed mainly of men with experience in the military, state security, or the police department, were notorious for kidnapping victims, torturing them, killing them, and leaving no trace of their bodies. The letter was not published by any local media, but it gradually came to be distributed abroad. Ever since the letter was reissued in 1984, De la Flor has included it as an Appendix in all reprints of Operation Massacre....

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Teslim olmakla, omuzlarimiza daha da agir yukleri gonullu olarak almaktan baska hic bir kazancimiz olmuyor. Eskiden, her bir boy'umuzun birer bas'i var idi. Simdi ise iki kral birden [biri Romali vali, digeri, Romalilarin tahta cikardigi yerli kral] uzerimize oturtuldu --biri canimizi cikariyor, digeri de malimiza el koyuyor. Bu iki agamiz'in birbirleri ile catismasi halinde, kullari olan bizler ise cok kotu duruma dusuyoruz. Onlarin ceteleri veya duzenli askerleri, bize karsi yaptiklari butun hakaretlere siddet de karistiriyorlar. Malimiz ve namusumuz onlarin ihtirasi onunde artik emniyette degil. Savasta, yigit olan ganimetten payina duseni alir. Bugunku durumumuzda ise, korkaklar ve kacaklar evlerimizi soyuyor, cocuklarimizi kaciriyor, erkeklerimizi emirleri altina aliyorlar. Bu serserilere bas egmekle, sanki biz onlara "yurdumuz ugruna olmaktan baska, bizim icin herhangi bir sebeple olmek kolay" diyoruz. Halbuki, bizim nufusumuz cogunluguna karsi, isgalciler yalnizca bir avuc adam. Almanlar bu gercegi gorup, baslarindaki bu zalimleri kovdular. Hem de onlari dusmanin ana vatanindan koruyan bizimki gibi bir deniz kalkani degil, ya...

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Romali tarihci Tacitus, M. S. Birinci yuzyilda yasamisti. Tacitus, gorgu sahidi bulundugu donemde Roma imparatorlugu egemenligi altinda olan Britanya'lilarla[30] karsi kullanilan Roma imparatorlugu politikasini aciklayici sunlari yazmisti: [Britanyalilar] Bir zamanlar tek bir kral altinda [topluca] yasamakta idiler; simdi ise, kendi aralarinda ve rakip reisler altinda kendi aralarinda vurusmaktan bolunmus bulunuyorlar. Hakikaten, bizim [Romalilarin] isimize en cok yarayan da, kuvvetli uluslarin kendi aralarinda vurusmalari ve bize karsi isbirligi yapamamalari oluyordu.... [Britanyanin] belirli bolumleri Kral Cogidumnus'a yonetmesi icin verildi. Bu kral da sadakatle bize hizmete devam etti. Uzun sure once yerlesmis Romali geleneklerince, tabi bir kral eliyle [bu kral'a bagli] toplumlari da esir [ve tabi etmek] etmek yolu surduruldu....[31] Daginik, genis alanlarda yasayan (ve dolayisi ile [Romalilara karsi] baskaldirmaya her zaman yatkin) halk'i hareketsizlige alistirmak, sakin bir duzende zevk ve sefahat icinde toplu halde yasamaya yoneltmek amaci ile, Agricola[32] bu toplumlari tapinaklar, toplanma yerleri ve binalar yapmaya ozel...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS • KITABIN YAZARI • 1. ONSOZ • 2. TURK TARIHI, TOPLUMLARIN MAYASI VE UYGARLIK • 3. VAKIFLI TURK TARIHI KURSUSU ONERISI • 4. TICARET, TARIH VE ULUSLARARASI YARISMA • 5. DUSUNCE AKIMLARI, "YENI DUNYA DUZENI" VE GORUNTULERI • 6. KIRIM TATARLARI • 7. TURK DESTANLARI VE DEDE KORKUT[1] • 8. BASVEKIL SUKRU SARACOGLU'NDAN ANILAR • 9. TURK ORDUSUNDA MIZAH • 10. TURKBILIMCI ABUBEKIR AHMEDCAN DIVAY • 11. ORTA ASYA COGULCU YONETIM GUNDEMLERI • 12. "BASMACI" ve 1916-1924 TURKISTAN BAGIMSIZLIK • 13. PAN ADLI IKI KURGUSAL YARATIK: UYDURMA "BELGELERIN” TURKLER ZARARINA KULLANILMALARI [1] • 14. INSAN INCIYI DENIZDEN CIKARMADIKCA, O ISTER INCI OLSUN -- ISTER CAKILTASI, FARKETMEZ • 15. DUSUNCE ISVERENI • 16. MAYA, T.A.S. ...

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2. Language: Togan was fluent in a number of diverse languages (German, Arabic, Russian, Persian, French, and English etc.) and a myriad of Central Asian Turk dialects as there are no such distinctions as “Turkic” and “Turkish,” which were artificially introduced into English and Russian. He not only used these languages and dialects for scholarly purposes, but also for discourse un- der a wide variety of conditions. Consequently, one can easily discern from his expressions that, while recalling an event, Togan has the tendency of remem- bering the proceedings in the “original,” the particular language or dialect in which the transaction took place. For example, if his respondent was a Kazak, he thinks in Kazak dialect, the flavor of which invariably seeps into his writ- ing, recording the incident. He also uses vocabulary from those languages that can have more than one meaning in English. As an additional result, the spell- ings of geographic as well as personal names can vary, even on the same page....

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Then, some business appeared that would provide me the opportunity to seriously involve myself in politics. The election laws modified by the Tsar allowed five Deputies for the Kazan residents and one for the Azerbaijanis. Other Turks in Turkistan were deprived of the rights to have a representative in the Duma. Among the extant representatives, the Ufa Deputy Kutlukay Mirza Tevkilev was very honorable, honest and knowledgeable, but he was also very old. At the same time, since he was raised within the Russian community, he did not know the problems among the Moslems in detail. The other representative elected from the Ufa province, Ibniyemin Axtiyamov was educated in institutions of higher learning and was an attorney, but since he was stuck into small matters, his work did not yield positive results. Isa Mirza Yenikev was the Orenburg provincial Representative, was earlier a teacher, and he was involved in educational matters. But, since he was very ignorant, very hesitant and a scared person, he could not represent his constituents in anything other than education. The issue of sending someone from Ufa province arose, to help the...

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I. Family Origins II. My Scholarly Visit to Turkistan III. 1916-1918 Political Life IV. Collaboration with the Soviets for fifteen months (1919-1920) v. Talks with Lenin VI. Struggles in Turkistan ...

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Alpamış bir Türk destanıdır - edebi-sözlü tarihtir - ve Orta Asya Türk söz- lü edebiyatının başlıca öneklerindendir. Sahiplerinin ve yaratıcılarının etnik kimlik, tarih, gelenekler ve değer düzenlerinin en önemli kaynağıdır. Çoğun- lukla şiir şeklinde olan Alpamış destanı Doğu Altaylar’dan Batı Urallar’a ve güneyde Türkistan’a kadarki alanda bilinir ve anlatılır. Türk toplumlarinin öz- gürlük uğraşlarının anısını kutlar. Destanın derlenmesine neden olan olaylarin çok eski bir döneme ait olduğunu düşünmek güç degildir; bazı basılı şekille- ri bu mücadelelerin zalim Kalmaklar’a karşı sürdürüldüğünü anlatır—bunun daha sonraki üst yazımlardan kaynaklanması olasıdır. Destanın Boz Atlı Bam- sı Beyrek’in Hikâyesi adını taşıyan belli başlı değişkenlerinden biri Dede Kor- kut Kitabı’nın bir kısmını oluşturur ve Azerbaycan ile Anadolu’da bilinir. Al- pamış Orta Asya’nın her yerinde paylaşılan bir destandır ve onu bilmek kimli- ğin ve millî gururun ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır. Bu destanı bilmemek ayıp sayılır....

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Orta Asya’da “ataların serüven ve kimliklerini kutlama” geleneği Türk lehçe- lerine daha sonra ödünç alınarak girmiş olan destan kelimesinin kullanımın- dan daha eskidir. Örneğin Kül Tegin yazıtlarında (M.S. 732) Bilge Kağan “Bu sabımın adgutı asıd, qatıgdı tınla!” (“Sözlerimi iyi ve katı işit!”) der.1 Bir üç yüz sene kadar sonra (1070’te) Kaşgarlı Mahmut, Divan-ı Lûgat-it Türk’te âkil adamlarca korunup o güne taşınmış atasözleri, tembih ve iletiler için saw (sab, sav) sözünü kullanır.2 Kaşgarlı Mahmut’tan takriben bir yüzyıl sonra Ah- met Yesevî (ö.1167) şöyle yazar: “Bilginler benim ferasetime kulak versinler/ Sözüme destan muamelesi yaparak muratlarına ersinler.”3 Önemli hadiseleri hatırlamak için onları şiire ya da şarkıya dökme âdeti yeni değildir. Aslında Orta Asyalıların hayatında her mühim olayın kendine has bir “kutlayıcı” şarkısı vardı. Suyuncu bir alpin doğumunu4 ya da bir kişi veya oy- mağın zorluklardan kurtuluşu gibi iyi haberleri müjdelerdi. Yar-yar düğünler- de terennüm edilirdi. Bu sadece gelinle damadın birleşmesini kutlamakla kal- maz, düğün töreninde başlayan yeni anlaşmalara da işaret ederdi. Bir alp sava- ...

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ALPAMIŞ Rus Yönetimi Altında Orta Asya Kimliği H.B. Paksoy AACAR (Orta Asya Araştırmalarını Geliştirme Derneği) Kitap Dizisi HARTFORD; Connecticut Birinci AACAR basımı, 1989 Fihrist Tam Başlık Sayfası Yazar Hakkında İçindekiler, İthaf, Teşekkürler Önsöz I:Alpamış ve Türk Destan Türü II:Alpamış’ı Yoketme ve Kurtarma Girişimleri, Aşama I III. Alpamış Destanı IV. Alpamış’ı Yoketme ve Kurtarma Girişimleri, Aşama II Bibliyografya Fihrist Eser hakkında ilmî yorumlar Büyük Orta Asya Haritası TELİF HAKKI 1979, 1989 H.B.PAKSOY’A AİTTİR ...

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The present volume presents essays on eight Central Asian Monuments. Each essay discusses one Monument, placing it in historical perspective. Some works are very early products of Central Asian thought. A few, are quite new, that is, were produced in the 19th and the 20th centuries. They all, however, are repositories of thought and culture and all have had palpable repercussions. Their enduring quality is manifested in repeated references to them by present-day Central Asians in their own historical, literary, and even political writings. Indeed, this use of Monuments provided an additional reason for undertaking this collection. In a time when Central Asia's importance to the world affairs is again resurgent, it is necessary to understand the intellectual nucleus of Central Asians' mode of thinking. This is especially important, because an overwhelming majority of Central Asian writings do not appear in any other language than their own dialects. The appreciation of these Monuments, their messages and their influence over time contributes to the understanding of current issues precisely because they are directly linked in the mind...

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The Central Asian authors have responded to the restrictions on history writing by reporting accurate history and relaying messages of the past in the guise of literature. The field of literature has its own strictures. Thus, Central Asians have tried to ensure that their output is both the real history and sufficiently veiled (for example, under the "yarn" genre) to pass censorship. This is an effort to maintain the historical identity which Central Asians see is under attack by the Russian-dominated party, state and academic apparatus in the official "histories." One must observe the recent publishing activity of the Central Asians, in their dialects, especially since late 1970s. These efforts represent a renewal of activity since the interruption caused by the "liquidations" of the 1930s....

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CENTRAL ASIAN MONUMENTS Edited by H. B. Paksoy ________________________________________ Table of Contents • H. B. Paksoy Introduction • H. B. Paksoy Sun Is Also Fire: Ibadinov's Kuyas Ham Alav • Peter B. Golden (Rutgers) Codex Comanicus • Richard Frye (Harvard) Narshaki's The History of Bukhara • Robert Dankoff (Chicago) Adab Literature • Uli Schamiloglu (Wisconsin-Madison) Umdet ul Ahbar • Kevin Krisciunas (Joint Astronomy Centre) Ulug Beg's Zij • Audrey Altstadt (UMass-Amherst) Bakikhanli's Nasihatlar • Edward J. Lazzerini (New Orleans) Gaspirali's Tercuman • David S. Thomas (Rhode Island), Akcura's Uc Tarz-i Siyaset ________________________________________ ISBN: 975-428-033-9 Library of Congress Card Catalog: DS329.4 .C46 1992 173 Pp. (paperback) US$20 ISIS Press 1992 Isis Press Semsibey Sokak 10 81210 Beylerbeyi Istanbul Turkey Phone: +90 + 216 321 38 51 FAX: +90 + 216 321 86 66 Please refer to the printed version for footnotes. ...

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The struggle of the Central Asians to preserve this dastan in the face of Soviet attacks upon it is the central focus of the present work. The attacks and attempts to save the Alpamysh dastan may be divided into two "phases" -- the first is represented by the Central Asians' own efforts to record the dastan on paper and publish it widely in response to Russian occupation and ensuing Russification campaigns, Christian proselytization, "language reform," boundary revision and creation of special legal classifications and later, "nations," for Central Asians; the second "phase" involves altering the content of the dastan itself and its history or "lineage." The two "phases" are not successive and chronologically distinct, but overlap around the 1930s-1940s. The latest response to the attack has been a revival in the 1980s of dastans in a new form, as befits their own tradition. The in-depth examination of the struggle over the Alpamysh dastan, however, is more than the study of the treatment of a single historical and literary monument. It represents Soviet policy in Central Asia and Central Asian resilience in preserving the historic...

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Another representative sample of this early phase of the "movement" is A Manual on the Turanians and PanTuranianism33 (published by the British Admiralty, during the First World War) a work based on Vambery's Turkenvolk34 and compiled by Sir Denison Ross.35 Even Alexander Kerensky, in Paris exile after the Bolshevik Revolution, was utilizing the same "Turanian" rhetoric, calling it "a menace threatening the world."36 Despite its European origins and its European goals, the idea took root among some Central Asian emigres, especially those living in Europe, as it promised the removal of the Russian occupation and subsequent colonization in their homelands. ...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements i Preface iii Chapter One ALPAMYSH and the Turkic Dastan Genre 1 Chapter Two Attempts to Destroy and Save Alpamysh, Phase I 18 Chapter Three The Alpamysh Dastan 50 Translation of Divay's 1901 Alpamysh 57 Commentary 98 Chapter Four Attempts to Destroy and Save Alpamysh, Phase II 120 Soviet Offensive 120 Composite Synopsis of Alpamysh 127 Alpamysh and the dastan genre in perspective 151 Select Bibliography 160 Index 163 Appendix Divay's 1901 Alpamysh 165...

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Published in ColorLines New and published by Race Forward, The Center for Racial Justice Innovation.

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In a series of enlightening and wide-ranging discussions, all published here for the first time, Chomsky radically reinterprets the events of the past three decades, covering topics from foreign policy during Vietnam to the decline of welfare under the Clinton administration. And as he elucidates the connection between America’s imperialistic foreign policy and the decline of domestic social services, Chomsky also discerns the necessary steps to take toward social change. With an eye to political activism and the media’s role in popular struggle, as well as U.S. foreign and domestic policy, Understanding Power offers a sweeping critique of the world around us and is definitive Chomsky....

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Editors' Preface...XI A Note on the Events of September 11, 2001...XIII Chapter 1 Weekend Teach-In: Opening Session...1 Chapter 2 Teach-In: Over Coffee...37 Chapter 3 Teach-In: Evening...70 Chapter 4 Colloquy...106 Chapter 5 Ruling the World...140 Chapter 6 Community Activists...177 Chapter 7 Intellectual and Social Change...224 Chapter 8 Popular Struggle...267 Chapter 9 Movement Organizing...31 B Chapter 10 Turning Point...363 Index..403...

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A People's History of the United States is a 1980 non-fiction book by American historian and political scientist Howard Zinn. In the book, Zinn seeks to present an alternate interpretation of the history of the United States. According to the author, American history is to a large extent the exploitation of the majority by an elite minority. (Wikipedia)...

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1. Columbus, The Indians, and Human Progress 2. Drawing the Color Line 3. Persons of Mean and Vile Condition 4. Tyranny is Tyranny 5. A Kind of Revolution 6. The Intimately Oppressed 7. As Long As Grass Grows Or Water Runs 8. We Take Nothing by Conquest, Thank God 9. Slavery Without Submission, Emancipation Without Freedom 10. The Other Civil War 11. Robber Barons And Rebels 12. The Empire and the People 13. The Socialist Challenge 14. War Is the Health of the State 15. Self-help in Hard Times 16. A People's War? 17. "Or Does It Explode?" 18. The Impossible Victory: Vietnam 19. Surprises 20. The Seventies: Under Control? 21. Carter-Reagan-Bush: The Bipartisan Consensus 22. The Unreported Resistance 23. The Clinton Presidency and the Crisis of Democracy 24. The Coming Revolt of the Guards 25. The 2000 Election and the "War on Terrorism"...

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The book deals with Peru's dilema: A country rich in natural resources and yet with alarming levels of poverty.

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Marriage Protest of Lucy Stone and Henry B. Blackwell (May 1, 1855). Quoted in T. W. Higginson, "Marriage of Lucy Stone Under Protest," The Liberator (Boston, Massachusetts), vol. 25, no. 18 (Whole no. 1085) (May 4, 1855), p. 71....

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This report is from volume 1 of Stanton, Anthony, and Gage's History of Woman Suffrage. It is a brief account of Sojourner Truth's address at the convention of 1853 in New York. It is sometimes called the Mob Convention, because the audience consistently hissed at the speakers throughout the convention. The text, like many others of Truth's were written later from memory and from newspaper reports....

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A collection of essays on military opposition from 1844-2004.

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Samuel Dewees Recounts the Suppression of Insubordination in the Continental Army after the Mutinies of 1781 (1844) The Diary of Colonel Ethan Allen Hitchcock (1845/46) Desertion Handbill by Juan Soto (1847) "The War with Mexico" North Star Editorial (1848) Address to the New England Convention by Frederick Douglass (1849) Four Documents on Disaffection in the South During the Civil War (1864/5) Open Letter to President McKinley by Colored People Of Massachusetts I. D. Barnett et al. (1899) Lewis H. Douglass on Black Opposition to McKinley (1899) The War Prayer by Mark Twain (1904) "Comments on the Moro Massacre" by Samuel Clemens (1906) Patriotism: A Menace to Liberty by Emma Goldman (1908) Strike Against War by Helen Keller (1916) "The Subject Class Always Fights the Battles" by Eugene Debs (1918) Eugene Debs' Statement to the Court Upon Being Convicted of Violating the Sedition Act (1918) War Is A Racket by Major General Smedley Butler (1935) Admiral Gene Larocque Speaks to Studs Terkel About "The Good War" (1985) Attention All Military Personnel A pamphlet of the Vietnam Day Committee (1965) "There Was No Rules...

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The following is an edited version of a speech given by Bulletin member Louis Wolf to several hundred delegates to the XI World Festival of Youth and Students, Havana, Cuba, August 1978. The speech was later published in the CovertAction Information Bulletin, No. 2, October 1978....

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First 5 chapters of Dirty Work: The CIA in Western Europe

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Editors’ Preface 13 Introduction: Where Myths Lead to Murder, Philip Agee 17 In the Beginning Introduction 27 How to Spot a Spook, John Marks 29 Exposing the CIA, Philip Agee 40 Chiefs o f Station: CounterSpy magazine 44 Cord Meyer: Superspook, Godfrey Hodgson 56 The CIA in Portugal, Philip Agee 65 Changes in the CIA in Portugal, Philip Agee 72 The Turning Point: The Richard Welch Affair Introduction 79 The Letter to the Athens News: The Committee of Greeks and Greek-Americans 81 News Stories: Athens, The Athens News 85 The Fifth Estate Responds: The Fifth Estate 91 Communique: The November 17 Revolutionary Organization 94 Who Is Richard Welch?, Paul Jacobs 102 CIA News Management, Morton H. Halperin 106 What They Do: How and Why Introduction 109 What Uncle Sam Wants To Know About You: The K.I.Q.s, Philip Agee and Henry Kissinger 111 The CIA ’s Corporate Shell Game, John Marks 127 What They Do: Western Europe Introduction 139 The CIA in Post-Franco Spain, Cambio 16 140 CIA Operations in Greece, Yiannis Roubatis and Karen Wynn 147 The American Factor in Greece: Old and New, Philip Agee 157 Hello Hug...

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This essay was prefaced with the following statement: "This article is a slightly modified version of the introduction to the book Dirty Work: The CIA in Western Europe, by Philip Agee and Louis Wolf, just published. It expresses much of the philosophy of the CovertAction Information Bulletin." ...