World Health Organization : Year 1998 ; World Health Organization, Prevention of Deafness and Hearing Impairment, No. 98.4: Prevention of Hearing Impairment from Chronic Otitis Media

By World Health Organization

Book Id: WPLBN0000109047
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 1.4 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization : Year 1998 ; World Health Organization, Prevention of Deafness and Hearing Impairment, No. 98.4: Prevention of Hearing Impairment from Chronic Otitis Media
Author:	World Health Organization
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Organization, W. H. (n.d.). World Health Organization : Year 1998 ; World Health Organization, Prevention of Deafness and Hearing Impairment, No. 98.4. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
SUMMARY A workshop of experts on the Prevention of Hearing Impairment from Chronic Otitis Media was convened jointly by WHO and the ClBA Foundation in November 1996. Its task was to review the epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of COM and to draw up recommendations for prevention and management of chronic otitis media in the context of Primary Health Care, particularly with regard to preventing hearing loss in developing countries. Chronic otitis media is a major public health problem in many populations around the world, and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The disease and its sequelae produce substantial economic and societal costs. It is particularly common amongst poor communities in developing countries, and also in certain disadvantaged groups in developed countries. COM is a major global cause of hearing impairment, and this effect is a matter of serious concern, particularly in children, because it may have long-term effects on early communication, language development, auditory processing, psychosocial and cognitive development, and educational progress and achievement.

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS KEY POINTS FROM THE WORKSHOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1. SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. 1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5. 2 . TERMINOLOGY. DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 3 . EPIDEMIOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7. . 3.1 The Global Burden of COM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 3.2 Riskfactors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7. 4 . NATURAL HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9. 4.1 Pathogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9. . 4.2 Effects on Hearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9. . 4.3 Effects on Language, Social Development and Educational Progress . . . . . . . .1 0 5 . PREVENTIVE MEASURES POSSIBLE WITHIN NATIONAL PROGRAMMES . . . . . . . .1 1 5.1 General and Public Health Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.1 5.2 Primary Care Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12. 5.3 Secondary (Intermediate) Care Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.2 5.4 Tertiary Care Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13. h . TRAINING IN PRIMARY EAR CARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .* .. . . . . . . . . . .1 4 7 . EARLY DETECTION AND MONITORING OF DISEASE AND COMPLICATIONS . . . 16 7.1 Early detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.6 7.2 Possible methods of monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.7 7.3 Monitoring of complications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.8 8 . PRESENT VIEWS ON MANAGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.9 8.1 Primary Ear care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.9 8.2 WHO recommendations for management of AOM and COM. . . . . . . . . . . .1 9 8.3 Eartoilet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 9. 8.4 Role of antiseptics and antibiotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.9 8.5 Availability of essential drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.0 8.6 Surgical Interventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.0 8.7 Educational & audiological interventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 0 9 . SURGICALINTERVENTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.1 9.1 Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 1. 9.2 Myringotomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.1. 9.3 Grommets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21. 9.4 Simple Mastiudectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.1