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Military Tribunals: Historical Patterns and Lessons

By Fisher, Louis

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Book Id: WPLBN0000145241
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 0.3 MB
Reproduction Date: 2008

Title: Military Tribunals: Historical Patterns and Lessons  
Author: Fisher, Louis
Volume:
Language: English
Subject: Government publications, Legislation., Government Printing Office (U.S.)
Collections: Government Library Collection
Historic
Publication Date:
Publisher: Government Printing Office

Citation

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Fisher, L. (n.d.). Military Tribunals: Historical Patterns and Lessons. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/


Excerpt
Excerpt: After the terrorist acts of September 11, 2001, President George W. Bush authorized the creation of military tribunals to try individuals who gave assistance to the attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C. The military order issued by President Bush closely traced the model established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who appointed a military tribunal in 1942 to try eight German saboteurs. In Ex parte Quirin (1942), the Supreme Court unanimously upheld the jurisdiction of Roosevelt’s tribunal.

Table of Contents
Contents Articles of War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Founding Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Andrew Jackson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Martial Law in New Orleans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 The Seminole War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 The Mexican War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Scope of Executive Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 The Civil War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Suspending Habeas Corpus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Martial Law in Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Laws Recognizing Tribunals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 The Dakota Trials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Judicial Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 John Merryman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Clement Vallandigham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 The Milligan Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Other Judicial Rulings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Captain Henry Wirz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Conspirators of Lincoln’s Assassination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Clemency for Surratt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Samuel A. Mudd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 From the Civil War to World War II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 The Nazi Saboteur Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Why a Tribunal? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Interlude in Civil Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 The Per Curiam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 The Full Opinion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Evaluating the Decision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Another Submarine in 1944 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Other World War II Tribunals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Martial Law in Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Trials of Three Japanese Leaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Command Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 The Eisentrager Decision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

 
 



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