Dr. Alex Battler – professor of political science, economics and international relations, and widely known under the pen name Oleg Arin – is a Marxist Canadian scholar and political writer whose interests encompass a wide range of social and natural sciences disciplinees. Battler is the author of a number of laws and regularities in the areas of philosophy, sociology and the theory of international relations. The most important among them is a new ontological interpretation of the category of Force presented in the monograph “Dialectics of Force.” The category of Ontological Force has allowed him to develop a new definition of the concept of Progress in his monograph “Society: Progress and Force (Criteria and First Principles).” In his monograph “The 21st Century: The World without Russia,” Battler formulated laws in geoeconomics and in geostrategy – the law of poles and the law of center of power, respectively. He also introduced the concept of the foreign policy potential of a nation-state and a methodology for computing it, as well as the optimal expenditure ratios for that policy.

Alex Battler, engaging in polemical and even stinging critiques of all prominent thinkers, has dared to formulate the two Principles of Social Development, which are akin to the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The author’s innovative definition of Progress is based on the universal criterion of the life delta of mankind.