At the request of Garret Hew, Manager of East Maui Irrigation Company (EMI), Kumu Pono Associates conducted a two phased study of cultural-historical resources in the lands of Hamakua Poko, Hamakua Loa, and Ko?olau, in the region of Maui Hikina (East Maui), Island of Maui. The study included—conducting detailed research of historical records in public and private collections (Volume I); and conducting oral history interviews with individuals known to be familiar with the cultural and natural landscape, and history of land use in the Maui Hikina study area (Volume II). This study was conducted in conjunction with the Water License Application of the East Maui Irrigation Company, and land use planning processes of the Board of Land and Natural Resources of the State of Hawai?i. The study area includes 72 ahupua?a (native land divisions extending from fisheries to the mountain region) which make up the moku o loko (districts) of Hamakua Poko, Hamakua Loa, and Ko?olau, Maui. Situated on the eastern slopes of Haleakala, the lands are a part of the region generally known as Maui Hikina (East Maui). These lands comprise a large portion of ...

In general, it will be seen that the few differences of history and recollections in the cited interviews are minor. If anything, the differences help direct us to questions which may be answered through additional research, or in some cases, pose questions which may never be answered. Diversity in the stories told, should be seen as something that will enhance interpretation, preservation, and long-term management of the land and water resources of Maui Hikina....

At the request of Garret Hew, Manager of East Maui Irrigation Company, Ltd. (EMI), Kumu Pono Associates conducted a two-phased study of cultural-historical resources in the lands of Hamakua Poko, Hamakua Loa, and Ko?olau, in the region of Maui Hikina (East Maui), Island of Maui (an area that includes some 73 individual ahupua?a or native land divisions). The study included— conducting detailed research of historical records in public and private collections (Volume I); and conducting oral history interviews with individuals known to be familiar with the cultural and natural landscape, and history of land use in the Maui Hikina study area (Volume II). This study was conducted in conjunction with the Water License Application of the East Maui Irrigation Company, Ltd., to the Board of Land and Natural Resources of the State of Hawai?i. The specific scope of the study sought to investigate and describe the wide range of issues related to Native Hawaiian and historic practices associated with na mea wai (water and its usage). In order to understand the cultural-historical context of water resources including — those uses which have been ...

The research and interviews conducted for this study were performed in a manner consistent with Federal and State laws and guidelines for such studies. Among the referenced laws and guidelines were the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966, as amended in 1992 (36 CFR Part 800); the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation?s “Guidelines for Consideration of Traditional Cultural Values in Historic Preservation Review” (ACHP 1985); National Register Bulletin 38, “Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Traditional Cultural Properties” (Parker and King 1990); the Hawai?i State Historic Preservation Statute (Chapter 6E), which affords protection to historic sites, including traditional cultural properties of ongoing cultural significance; the criteria, standards, and guidelines currently utilized by the Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-SHPD) for the evaluation and documentation of cultural sites (cf. Title 13, Sub-Title 13:274-4,5,6; 275:6 – Draft of December 1996); and guidelines for cultural impact assessment studies, adopted by the Office of Environmental Quality Contro...

The following collection of archival and oral historical records was researched and compiled by Kumu Pono Associates LLC, at the request of Ms. Ulalia Woodside, Land Legacy Resources Manager (Land Assets Division), of Kamehameha Schools. The research focused on two primary sources of information—historical literature, and summary of oral historical interviews with kupuna and kama?aina, known to be familiar with the history of Keauhou, and neighboring lands in the Districts of Ka?u, Puna, and Hilo, on the island of Hawai?i. The oral historical component of the study is based upon two historical interviews and a summary of an interview program conducted specifically for Hawai?i Volcanoes National Park between 1997 to 2000 (Langlas and Waipa, ms. 1997; and Langlas, 2003). The research brings a wide range (though not exhaustive) of historical references into one manuscript, with written accounts dating from the 1820s and oral historical accounts recalling traditions and personal experiences dating from the 1870s....

... Traditions Of Named Localities On The Shore Of Keauhou (1959). 382 -- Hoohila Kawelo A Family Experience At Kilauea In Ca. 1870 (From Notes Taken By Kepa Maly In June 1975). 383 -- Consultation With The Havo Cultural Advisory Group (2005). 385 -- Overview Of Interviews Conducted For Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (1996-2000). 385 -- References Cited. 388....

The following collection of archival and oral historical-consultation records pertaining to Waikamoi Preserve and the greater watershed of the Haleakala mountain lands on the island of Maui, was compiled by Kumu Pono Associates LLC, at the request of The Nature Conservancy-Hawaii. This study provides The Nature Conservancy and its partners in management of the Waikamoi Preserve, with a cultural assessment of the Waikamoi Preserve, as required by State review laws governing The Nature Conservancys stewardship of the preserves natural resources. The primary documentation (both archival and oral historical), was collected by the authors over the period of six years, and provides readers with access to a rich and diverse collection of cultural- historical narratives from the island of Maui. The study focuses on lands situated on the eastern slopes of Haleakala, a region traditionally called Maui Hikina, with particular emphasis on those lands which make up and adjoin “Waikamoi Preserve.” These lands represent some of the most significant native forest resources remaining in the Hawaiian Islands, and are part of a unique cultural landsc...

1848, Kamehameha III granted fee-simple interest of Kalialinui to a chiefly steward, Kamaikaaloa (Kamaikaaloa), who held the land through the remainder of his lifetime, and subsequently conveyed it to his heirs. Kalalawalu—daughter of Kamaikaaloa and Kealohaaukai—and her husband, Douglas Panee, sold the land of Kalialinui to Haleakala Ranch in 1888. Most of Kalialinui, including the land that became the Waikamoi Preserve, has been held by Haleakala Ranch since that time. In the later 1800s and early 1900s, cowboys of the Haleakala Ranch traveled from the lower Kula lands to the mountain lands of Haleakala via the “Aina Hou Trail,” passing Halemau (Halemauu) and Leleiwi, and through Kalialinui, towards the Koolau Gap lands. The Aina Hou Trail passes along the contour at about the 6300-6400 foot elevation to a place known as the “Aina Hou Bowl.” The Aina Hou Bowl is generally situated between the 6300 to 5600 foot elevation, and noted for a spring which was tapped to feed a historic ranch trough. Lands in this area were used as mountain pasturage by the ranch. The 5,230-acre Waikamoi Preserve was established in 1983 through...

...a part of on-going archival and oral historical research conducted by Kumu Pono Associates LLC, since 1996, and builds upon the accounts published by Maly in 1997, 1999, 2002, and 2003. The study is multifaceted, and includes detailed verbatim accounts and descriptions of Mauna Kea, the larger Humuula-Kaohe lands, and aina mauna, covering the periods of Hawaiian antiquity ...

As early as the 1820s, introduced cattle, sheep, goats, and wild dogs had made their way up to the mountain lands, and were bothersome to those who traveled the aina mauna. In 1834, Scottish naturalist, David Douglas was killed by a wild bullock at Keahua-ai (now called Douglas Pit or Kaluakauka), near the boundary of Humuula and Laupahoehoe. By 1850, the natural-cultural landscape of the aina mauna was being significantly altered by the roving herds of wild bullocks, sheep and other ungulates, and ranching interests were being formalized in the region. In 1857, the Crown and Government mountain lands of Humuula and Kaohe—including the summit of Mauna Kea—were leased to Francis Spencer and the Waimea Grazing and Agricultural Company, which established ranching stations and operations around the mountain lands. Portions of the land of Piihonua were leased to native bird hunters in the middle 1860s, and subsequently to native and foreign bullock hunters. As a result, Humuula and the larger aina mauna have been intensively ranched for more than 150 years....

In a traditional Hawaiian context, nature and culture are one and the same, there is no division between the two. The wealth and limitations of the land and ocean resources gave birth to, and shaped the Hawaiian world view. The aina (land), wai (water), kai(ocean), and lewa (sky) were the foundation of life and the source of the spiritual relationship between people and their environs. Every aspect of life, whether in the sky, on land, or of the waters was believed to have been the physical body-forms assumed by the creative forces of nature, and the greater and lesser gods and goddesses of the Hawaiian people. Respect and care for nature, in turn meant that nature would care for the people. Thus, Hawaiian culture, for the most part, evolved in a healthy relationship with the nature around it, and until the arrival of foreigners on Hawaiian shores, the health and well-being of the people was reflected in the health of nature around them. Today, whether looking to the sea and fisheries, or to the flat lands and mountains, or to the condition of the people, it is all too easy to find signs of stress and diminishing health of Hawaiian ...

...s-Division of Aquatic Resources, the University of Hawaii-Hawaii Natural Heritage Program, and various community organizations, Kumu Pono Associates (Maly and Maly) conducted detailed archivalhistorical documentary research, and oral history interviews to identify and document, traditional knowledge of Hawaiian fisheries—including those extending from mountain streams to t...

...quest of Scott Atkinson on behalf of The Nature Conservancy, includes excerpts from more than 130 oral history interviews that have been conducted by Kepa Maly over the last twenty-eight years. The interviewees were born between the 1890s to 1950s, and all shared personal knowledge—either in native beliefs, traditions, customs and practices; the locations of, and types of...

...ifications to the interview transcripts. Following completion of the interview process, all of the participants in the tape recorded interviews gave Maly their permission to include the interviews in this study, and for future reference of the documentation by Maly—some releases were given by signature, and others by verbal agreement. In requesting permission for release...

...e Moolelo No Halaea–A Tradition Of The Aku Fisheries-Of Kalae, At Kau, And The Ocean Current Of Halaea-Oral History Interview November 7, 1977 – With Kepa Maly. 10-Camellia Kapuaianahulu Kahiwaaialii Wall-Heuer –-At Puueo-Pukihae, Hawaii-Resources Of The Keauhou-Hokukano Vicinity, North Kona Hawaii-March 1, 1996 – Oral History Interview With Kepa Maly. 11 -- Lily Namakaoka...

...ation pertaining to native Hawaiian use and management of land and fishery resources. Documentation from—traditional lore (some translated herein by Maly); native land records of the Mahele Aina, including documentation covering the period from ca. 1819 to 1855; the Boundary Commission Testimonies of native witnesses ca. 1870 to 1880; Kingdom and Government communicatio...

The primary focus of this study was the conducting of oral history interviews with individuals familiar with lands of the study area. The interviewees were born between ca. 1905 to 1936, and nearly all of them are tied to families with generations of residency in the Halelea-Napali region. A few interviewees, not born in the area, have personal knowledge of the lands, ocean and families of the region, dating back to the 1940s. All but one of the interviewees were brought up in families that worked the lands and fished in the traditional Hawaiian system, observing ancient customs and beliefs, and most fished as a means of survival and sustaining their families. Their recollections and descriptions of practices, span their own life-times, and draw on the knowledge and expertise of their own elders, dating back to the 1850s, and include references to native beliefs, traditions, customs and practices associated with land use and residency; the locations of fisheries and types of fish caught; and observations about the changing conditions of the resources....

...History Interviews . 47 -- Wayne Takashi Harada And Keikilani Andrade (Haumea) Harada February 9, 2003 - At Limahuli, Kauai Oral History Interview By Kepa Maly (With Carlos Andrade, Chipper Wichman & Takashi Harada). 47 -- Greg Kan Sing Ho February 10, 2003 - At Hanalei, Kauai Oral History Interview With Kepa Maly, Chipper Wichman And Carlos Andrade (Also Takahashi Harada,...

A Collection Of Traditions, Historical Accounts And Kama'aina Recollections Of Kaluanui And Vicinity, Ko'olauloa, Island Of O'ahu.

At the request of Jeffery Merz, Senior Planner with Oceanit, on behalf of the Department of Land and Natural Resources-Division of State Parks, Kumu Pono Associates, conducted detailed archival-historical research and a limited oral historical interview program with kupuna and several kamaaina oral history interviews to document various aspects of the history of the land of Kaluanui, including the area known as Kaliuwaa, situated in the Koolauloa District on the Island of Oahu (Figure 1). The documentation cited in this study is divided into two primary categories, and focuses on accounts which have had little or no exposure over the last 80 to 150 years or more....

-- Introduction -- 1 -- Background 1 -- Approach To Conducting The Study -- 1 -- Historical Documentary Resources -- 3 -- Oral History Interviews -- 3 -- A Historical Overview Of Kaluanui And Neighboring Lands Of Koolauloa -- 4 -- Kaluanui Ma Koolauloa 4 -- Residency And Land Use In Kaluanui And Vicinity -- 4 -- Hana Pono A Me Ka Maopopo Aina–Protocols And Knowing The Land: Kamaaina Families Continue Travel And Attachment To Kaliuwaa -- 7 -- Na Moolelo Native Traditions And Historical Narratives Of Kaluanui And Vicinity -- 9 -- Section I. Moolelo Maoli (Native Traditions And History) --9 -- “He Moolelo No Kamapuaa” – A Tradition Of Kamapuaa (1861) --9 -- “Na Wahi Pana O Kaliuwaa” – Storied Places Of Kaliuwaa (1861) --18 -- He Kanikau–Kaluanui Referenced In A Chant Of Lamentation (1862) --21 -- Kamapuaa, The Lono Class Of Priests, And Lands Associated With Them (1868 - 1870) -- 22 -- “Kumumanao” – A Subject Of Thought (1874) --23 -- He Moolelo Kaao O Kamapuaa – -- Legendary Tradition Of Kamapuaa” (1891) -- 25 -- “Na Anoai O Oahu Nei” – The News Of Oahu (1930) --26 -- Section II. Traditions And Historical Descriptions Of The L...

A collection of historical accounts and oral history interviews with elder Kama'ainan fisher-people from the Kapalilua region of South Kona, island of Hawai'i....

...RS Chapter 343; April 26, 2000). The selected historical documentary research cited in this volume represents the findings of 15 years of research by Kepa Maly, and provides readers with access to several important sources of documentation pertaining to native Hawaiian use and management of land and fishery resources. Documentation from — traditional lore (some translated ...

Introduction -- 1 -- Background and Approach to Conducting the Study -- 1 -- Interview Methodology -- 1 -- Release of Oral History Interview Records -- 3 -- Contributors to the Oral History Interviews -- 3 -- Kapalilua Lands And Fisheries: A Historical Overview -- 5 -- An Overview of Hawaiian Settlement -- 5 -- An Account of the Naming of Kolo and Olelomoana (Human Bone Used to Make Fishhooks) -- 6 -- The Journal of Chester S. Lyman (A Journey along the Coast of Kapalilua in 1846) -- 7 -- Kaao Hooniua Puuwai no Ka Miki - The Heart Stirring Story of Ka Miki (recorded in 1914 -- 1917) -- 9 -- Kapalilua: Places, Features, Fisheries and Practices Described in Kaao Hooniua Puuwai no Ka Miki -- 10 -- Accounts of Niuhi Shark Hunting in “He Moolelo Kaao no Kekuhaupio, Ke Koa Kaulana o ke Au o Kamehameha ka Nui” -- 20 -- H.W. Kinney’s “Visitor’s Guide” (1913) -- 24 -- Kapalilua Fishery Rights And Land Tenure Defined -- 26 -- Mahele Aina: Development of Fee Simple Property and Fishery Rights (ca. 1846 -- 1855) -- 31 -- Kapalilua Boundary Commission Testimonies (ca. 1873 - 1882) -- 36 -- Kapalilua in Hawaiian Kingdom Survey Records -- 38 -- ...

This collection of oral history interviews was compiled by Kumu Pono Associates LLC, at the request of Sam Garcia, Jr., and Jon Garcia, and accompanies a collection of historical accounts dating from the 1790s to the 1950s. The larger study was undertaken as a part of a planning and land use program for a small parcel of land which the Garcia brothers inherited from their mother, Marjorie Kalehua Cockett-Garcia. The 5.497 acre parcel of land (TMK 2-1-007:067), is situated in the ahupuaa of Kaeo, in the Honuaula District on the island of Maui, and has been held by the family since 1956. Of particular importance to the present study, is the presence of a traditional Hawaiian site identified as “Kalani Heiau” (Site No. 196). In an effort to learn more about the heiau and other sites on the property, and to elicit recommendations for site preservation, the oral history interviews were conducted with kupuna and kamaaina of Makena-Kaeo vicinity—particularly with native members of the community, with ties to lands in the immediate vicinity of the Kaeo parcel. The resulting interviews provide readers with personal recollections and thought...

The following collection of archival and oral historical records was compiled by Kumu Pono Associates LLC, at the request of Sam Garcia, Jr., and Jon Garcia, owners of a 5.497 acre parcel of land, situated in the ahupuaa (native land division) of Kaeo, in the Honuaula region of Maui (TMK 2- 1-007:067). The Garcia parcel extends from near sea level at the shore to about fifty feet in elevation above sea level, and the family proposes to develop their five-plus acre parcel into a small subdivision, containing eleven single family residences. As a part of the planning process, a preservation plan is needed for a site identified as a heiau (temple), that is situated on the property. In addition to the heiau, stone walls, habitation features, agricultural mounds, terraces, enclosures, and modified outcrops were also identified, as a part of an archaeological survey conducted by Haun and Associates (Haun et al., 2000 & 2004). The cultural resources are interpreted as dating from the period of pre-history to historic ranching and later residency activities (Haun, 2000 & 2004; and Frampton, 2002, revised, 2004). The research conducted as a...

Summary of detailed findings from research on the history of fishing practices and marine fisheries of the Hawaiian islands compiled from: native Hawaiian traditions, historical accounts, government communications, kama?aina testimony and ethnography...

In a traditional Hawaiian context, nature and culture are one and the same, there is no division between the two. The wealth and limitations of the land and ocean resources gave birth to, and shaped the Hawaiian world view. The ?aina (land), wai (water), kai (ocean), and lewa (sky) were the foundation of life and the source of the spiritual relationship between people and their environs. Every aspect of life, whether in the sky, on land, or of the waters was believed to have been the physical body-forms assumed by the creative forces of nature, and the greater and lesser gods and goddesses of the Hawaiian people. Respect and care for nature, in turn meant that nature would care for the people. Thus, Hawaiian culture, for the most part, evolved in a healthy relationship with the nature around it, and until the arrival of foreigners on Hawaiian shores, the health and well-being of the people was reflected in the health of nature around them. Today, whether looking to the sea and fisheries, or to the flat lands and mountains, or to the condition of the people, it is all too easy to find signs of stress and diminishing health of H...

As a part of a state-wide program designed to protect, restore, and further the public benefit of significant Hawaiian natural resources making up three existing Natural Area Reserves, and one reserve, all on the island of Hawaii, Ms. Lisa Hadway, Natural Area Specialist for the State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources-Division of Forestry and Wildlife (DLNR-DOFAW), requested that Kumu Pono Associates LLC conduct detailed historical-archival research that would describe the traditional-cultural and historical setting of lands within existing, or proposed Natural Area Reserves on the Island of Hawaii. This component of the study discusses several ahupuaa that contribute to the land area of the Puu o Umi Natural Area Reserve situated on the Kohala-Hamakua mountains, Island of Hawaii (Figure 1). The Puu o Umi Natural Area Reserve (NAR) is generally set within the upper reaches of the ili of Puukapu, which belongs to the larger land of Waimea, though it also includes the upper portions of neighboring watershed forests of other ahupuaa in both Kohala and Hamakua. The NAR was once a part of the Kohala Forest Reserve, whic...

This volume, compiled at the request of Mr. Jeffrey Merz, of Oceanit, on behalf of the Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of State Parks (DLNR-DSP), includes excerpts from nine oral history and consultation interviews. Several of the kamaaina who graciously agreed to share their histories and recollections of the Kaluanui and Kaliuwaa vicinity, are descended from families who have resided on the land for generations—some being descended from traditional residents who claimed residency rights in the Mahele Aina of 1848. Other interviewees have lived in the region and traveled in Kaluanui and Kaliuwaa since the 1940s. The oral history interviews reported herein, provide present and future generations with an opportunity to experience some of the history of the lands and families in the Kaluanui vicinity. The interviews offer readers glimpses into the personal knowledge and experiences of individuals with generational and cultural attachments to the land. These personal stories are a rich part of the legacy which our elders have graciously shared with us. They also provide us with important lessons, values, and a...

This oral history interview program is being conducted in conjunction with a detailed study of archival and historical literature, and in conjunction with planning programs of the State Department of State Parks, by Oceanit, for Kaluanui-Kaliuwaa (Sacred Falls State Park), in the District of Koolauloa, on the Island of Oahu. The interviews (in conjunction with the archival-historical research) will help document the history of residency and land use in the Kaluanui-Kaliuwaa vicinity, and help identify traditional and customary practices and places of importance to the families of the land. With your permission, portions of the interview will be included in the historical study documenting: (1) the various aspects of the history of the land of the Kaluanui-Kaliuwaa vicinity; and (2) recommendations from kamaaina as to how to care for the cultural and natural resources of the land. This information is very important, and will help ensure that such knowledge can be handed down through your family and to future generations who will follow us....

... 151 -- Cy Manu Bridges Kaluanui Oral History Study October 26, 2003 – At Laie. 175 -- Raymond Nuhi Kwan Hoon Au Kaluanui Oral History Interview With Kepa Maly October 30, 2003 – At Hauula And Kaluanui. 189 --...