This book has been prepared for students of undergraduate courses in medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, laboratory medicine, physiotherapy, veterinary science, agriculture, biochemistry, genetics, microbiology, biotechnology, molecular biology, etc. The main purpose is to provide an understanding of the basic concepts in biochemistry and biotechnology which are required for them in a simple and interesting manner. Though there are a lot of books providing extensive knowledge of these subjects in the market , it has been observed that most of the students, especially from non-English speaking countries feel intimidated by the complexities of these subjects. Hence, this book is an endeavor to fulfill their needs. Care has been taken to explain various topics in as simple a language as possible, without compromising on the quality of the subject matter. The text is supported with clear diagrams. Students, who are appearing for various competitive exams, will find this book equally helpful. This book will also serve as a handy tool for teachers and postgraduate students....

Biochemistry for undergraduate medical students is no less than a terror. Hence, this book brings them out of this nightmare.

CONTENTS Ch. No. TITLE PAGE No. 1. BIOCHEMISTRY-Scope and Importance in Medical Sciences 1-2 2. GENERAL CHEMISTRY 3-10 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Water Acids And Bases pH Buffers Colloids Osmosis Radioactivity 5 5 6 6 8 8 9 3. CELL -Structure and Function 11-13 4. CARBOHYDRATES 14-24 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Classification Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides 14 15 21 23 5. LIPIDS 25-31 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Fatty Acids Classification of Lipids Simple Lipids Compound Lipids Derived Lipids Chemical Properties of lipids 25 26 26 27 29 30 6. PROTEINS 32-43 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 Amino Acids Classification of Amino Acids Reactions of Amino Acids Primary Structure of Protein Secondary Structure of Protein \Tertiary Structure of Protein Quaternary Structure of Protein Properties of Proteins Classification of Proteins 32 32 34 38 38 39 40 42 42 7. NUCLEIC ACIDS 44-56 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Functions of DNA Packaging of DNA Properties of DNA Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) 48 49 50 52 52 8. ENZYMES 57-69 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Classif...

Scientific white paper made in a small pathology lab in Latin America.

Introduction Uterine cervix cancer is the second most common neoplasm in women. Of all uterine cervix and vagina cytologies, between 0,5 and 0,6% reveal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and between 2 and 3% are low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). The tem ASC-US (atypical squamous cells, of undetermined significance) is a diagnostic category, not a biological entity, that comprises inflammatory, reactive and reparative processes. In our revision of the literature, we found that ASC-US diagnosis comprises between 1,6 and 9% of the diagnosis, with an average around 5%. Other authors have employed with success the use of a ration between ASC-US and SIL as statistical quality control tool, whose value should not surpass 3,0. Research methods It's a descriptive, retrospective study, based on the total of cervico-vaginal cytologies processed and diagnosed in this lab, since opening on July 1st, 2008 until December 31st, 2015. Results We found a total of 58,289 cervico-vaginal exfoliative cytologies. From which 974 were diagnosed as ASC-US and 925 as SIL. The ASC-US/SIL ratio was, on average 1,16, with a s...

Index.................................................................2 Executive summary.....................................................3 Introduction..........................................................4 Research methods......................................................5 Results...............................................................6 Discussion............................................................8 Conclusions...........................................................9 Bibliographical references...........................................10 Appendices...........................................................12 ...

Dosage of pure Castor oil - Enema of water 'suspended starch'

You will find in this book: Definition of the true cupping, the starting point , the history of cupping, the precise scientific medical rules, elucidated by the savant M. Amin Sheikho, which the medical team has used in its scientific research, these rules can be summarized as follows: - The place of body for applying the cupping operation. - The suitable age for cupping operation. - Time of the cupping operation . - The physiological situation of the body. - The relationship between the Moon' effect and Cupping. - The simple cupping instruments. - The mechanism of the cup of cupping (Known as air-cups). - How to apply the right method of the cupping treatment. - The general lab report of the systematic scientific study about the cupping operation....

An introduction to Miasmatic Idiosyncratic Homeopathy for the general public and doctors through lectures and discussion covering all theoretical and practical aspects...

BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO HOMOEPATHIC MEDICINE ILLNESSES AND THEIR HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT A.UNIVERSAL AND HOMEOPATHIC LAWS B.STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MAN AND UNIVERSE CONVERSATION WITH THE AUDIENCE HUMAN TYPES OR HOMEOPATHIC IDIOSYNCRASIES DESCRIPTION OF A HOMEOPATHIC IDIOSYNCRASY DISCUSSION ABOUT IDIOSYNCRASIES AND INDIVIDUAL CAUSES OF DISEASE INDIVIDUAL PSYCHE AND THE ORIGIN OF DISEASE HOMEOPATHIC CASE TAKING HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT ...

THE MYTHS AROUND AGING DEBUNKING THE MYTHS OF THE AGING PROCESS MAINTAINING YOUR POWER This is not about Staying Young Forever, but rather Debunking the Myths Around Aging And maintaining your Vitality and Being Alive At all Ages and Stages in your Life This book will show you not only what to do, but also how to do it....

When you know the Infinite Divine within you, you can create peace all around you, when you can create peace all around you, it means that it is within you, every cell we have is either born or dying, yet we are Miraculous, Marvelous Spiritual Beings." -Peter Sammarco...

In agricultural soils the presence of enzymes assures a correct, integrated and regulated course of processes at soil-plant-environment interfaces that lead to the growth and production of crops for human and animal feed. The knowledge of their main properties and functions is a need for all scientists involved in this research field....

A new method for Homeopathic Diagnosis and Treatment based on Classical Homeopathy and it's laws focusing on Idiosyncrasy and Miasmatic Profile of the patient without any use of Repertory...

Illness versus Disease What are Symptoms? What do we treat in Medicine? Types of Materia Medica and types of Idiosyncrasies Miasmatic Idiosyncratic Homeopathy Critisism of other methods of "Homeopathic" Diagnosis...

This booklet from the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of General Medical Sciences discusses the many different ways medicines work in the body and how this information guides the hunt for drugs of the future. It is available in e-pub (http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/epubs/MedicinesByDesign.epub) and PDF (http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/medbydesign/medbydesign.pdf) formats....

Live Clinical Cases by the new method of Miasmatic Idiosyncratic Homeopathic Case Taking, analyzed by the author to his students, step by step, while listening to the recorded case...

A CASE OF LACHESIS A CASE OF VALERIANA A CASE OF STRAMONIUM - MOSCHUS A CASE OF NATRUM CARBONICUM A CASE OF NUX VOMICA

Pathology Atlas for medical students

In near future, energy become a luxury item and water is considered as the most vital item in the world due to reduction of water resources in most regions. In this condition, role of water science researchers and hydraulic experts is more important than ever. If a hydraulic engineer student is not educated well, he/she will not solve problems of hydraulic sciences in future. Many engineer students learn all necessary lessons in the university, but they cannot to answer to the problems or to pass the exams because of forgetfulness or lack of enough exercise. This book contains one hundred essential problems related to hydraulic engineering with a small volume. Undoubtedly, many problems can be added to the book but the author tried to mention only more important problems and to prevent increasing volume of the book due to help to feature of portability of the book. To promotion of student skill, both SI and English systems have been used in the problems. All of the problems were solved completely. This book is useful for not only exercising and passing the university exams but also for use in actual project as a handbook...

The practice of medicine is constantly growing and accelerating, with advances in technology, treatment regimens and diagnostic tools. The added knowledge of infectious diseases to any speciality of medicine truly enhances the curriculum of that fi eld. Uniquely, the knowledge of infectious disease in obstetrics and neonatology goes one step further, as more than one life is being cared for with every action and recommendation a clinician makes. This book highlights all the key elements of the infectious diseases encountered in obstetrics and neonatology. I dedicate this book to my beloved father, Husam Kamal Rimawi MD, FACOG....

Updated September 2015. A simple, easy to use therapy for self use at home. Nothing is taken. It's effective and safe having been developed over 20 years and it works on many conditions. The materials used are inexpensive, household items easily obtained. This book contains a free step-by-step guide showing how to use The Therapy. Many have tried it over the years and it's hoped you will as well....

Key Features: * Effective. * Nothing taken. * Safe. * For any condition. *Developed over 20 years. *No special skill needed. *No side effects. *Simple step-by-step guide. * Inexpensive, easily obtained items used. * Not for use by people under 18 years old or pregnant women. * Only plastic bags come into skin contact. * Everything's reusable except the batteries - unless rechargeable are used. * Use in your own time. * It works! The Therapy is energy based in 3 easy to use parts: 1) Removing energy harmful to health from a person. 2) Transferring energy beneficial to health into a person. 3) Personal Development - new in Version 3. It's new and different, but hopefully you will give it a try and receive substantial benefit. Nothing can be promised but relief should start a few days after using The Therapy Part 1... Good luck, Richard Clark, January 2015, Bedford, UK. ...

1) The Therapy Part 1: Removing Harmful Energy Part 2: Adding Health Supporting Energy Supplemental Materials: Silica Gel Serotonin Injury & Accident Part 3: Personal Development Introduction Sea Salt Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda) Magnesium Sulphate (Epsom Salts) Potato Starch Yeast Vinegar Wheat Bran Corn or Maize Rice Millet Oats Soya or Soybeans Sugar More on Personal Development Afterword 2) The Problem of Illness A) The Burning of Fossil Fuels B) Insect Life, Material, Energy & Bites - Clear Fluid - Insect Material and Energy - Insect Life - The Used Energy Residue of Artificial Heat and Cold - Conditions that Start in the Womb - Cell Division - Rheumatoid Arthritis - Energy Packets - Cancer C) Bacteria D) The Energy of Fungal Infections Conditions Involving Fossil Fuel Energy and Insect Bites General Conditions Clear Fluid Vital Energy Harmful Electrical Energy The Bodies Electrical Energy Water in the Body Skin Conditions Other Conditions Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections Life Supporting Energy 3) The Problem of Health 4) How The Therapy works The Therapy, It...

A non-religious and non-spiritual version of the classic Twelve Steps of Alcoholic Anonymous and Al-Anon.

This book, ‘INTERNAL ARMED CONFLICT: International Legal Framework Concerning Women and Children’, seeks to assess the application of customs and laws governing the internal armed conflict. This handbook presents an overview of various international instruments for the protection of women and children. By preventing the transcending of conflicts into brutality and savagery, the law of armed conflict aids the restoration of peace and the resumption of friendly relations. Women and children are opined to be accorded special respect and protection. Most of today’s conflicts take place within states. They have tragic feature in common, women and children suffer their impact disproportionately. The concept of children’s rights has widened and the international mandate to reinforce the rights of the child has grown over the years, with the mounting evidence of hardship and abuse suffered by the children. The principles outlined in the international human rights framework apply both to children and adults. Children and women are mentioned explicitly in many of the human rights instruments; standards are specifically modified o...

Why is this work so important? Most "modern" Anglo-Saxon authors cite Brodmann's 1909 work "Die Lokalisationslehre" for any reference to localization in the neocortex. However, during my own studies I found that sadly lacking in detail. For example, it contains only about 12 pages dedicated to the human neocortex. Von Economo and Koskinas apparently also felt this lack, as they wrote "Unfortunately, BRODMANN has given no description of the architectonics of this area, but has only listed the borders of his Areae, without one word about the cellular structure, and thus without having justified his tiling." (p. 693). Their own work is even today by far the most detailed cytoarchitectonic description of human neocortical areas, their features and their borders. The authors also include extensive discussions of all prior research on each area, revealing that the "old masters" knew very much which in the intervening decades has been forgotten and sometimes "re-discovered."...

"If we submit this book to the public after a laborious, long work of one dozen years - the work was begun by Professor V. ECONOMO in the year 1912; 1919 Dr. KOSKINAS entered into the cooperation - this does not happen with the joyful satisfaction of having created something consummate. Only an artist can possess this feeling of having created something entirely of himself. Each scientific work however - however much new it brings - rests on the groundwork of whole generations and can be tested only through the work of later generations. In a certain sense those few researchers are enviable who with increased self-esteem overlook this fact, and feel the beginning and end of all of their knowledge is a product of their own examinations. However, every scientific work is always only a part of a total, only a stone; however, sometimes a cornerstone of that wall, which constantly builds the intellectual culture in the course of civilizations to protect itself from the enmity of superstition, ignorance and primitive instincts."...

General part. Chapter 1. Introductory remarks. Chapter 2. General remarks on the cortex and its neurons. Chapter 3. Structure and development of the cortical lamellae. Chapter 4. Details of the composition and meaning of the lamellar cortex structure. Chapter 5. Area division of the cortex. Chapter 6. Methodology. Specific part. Description the individual areas of the cerebral cortex. Chapter 7. The frontal lobe. (Lobus frontalis) Chapter 8. Lobus limbicus superior. Chapter 9. Lobus insulae. Chapter 10. Lobus parietalis. Chapter 11. Lobus occipitalis. Chapter 12. Lobus temporalis. Chapter 13. Lobus limbicus inferior. Chapter 14. Final remarks....

One of the basic research objectives of the present monograph is to update multidisciplinary specialists on contemporary instrumental and analytical means and methods of automatic polysystemic sanogenetic monitoring. The unique advantage of this monitoring lies in not only information capacity of dynamic criteria registered, but also its ability to automate measurement and indication procedures and to ensure simultaneous operation and development of technical facilities. Substantuation of the sanogenetic theory, creation of automatic examination facilities for individual sanogenesis and large-scale approbation of these methods in school, sport and environment medicine required cooperation of specialists from many scientifi c fi elds....

Each chapter in this eBook is meant to provide pertinent clinical, diagnostic, and management strategies when caring for critically ill patients. The chapters are relatively brief, clinically relevant and evidence-based according to currently accepted literature. References are provided for readers wanting to explore subjects in greater detail. I have edited and revised the content and style of each chapter so as to unify the voice of the entire text....

Updated May 2016 to over 55,000 words. The first part of his book contains a free step-by-step guide, with links to videos if needed, showing how to use this simple, easy to use therapy for self use at home. Nothing is taken, just bags of different materials such as batteries, oils and vitamins are placed on a person. It's effective and safe having been developed over 25 years and it works on many conditions including illness, pain, injury and accident. It's basically an energy therapy which draws out harmful energy that doesn't support life processes, replacing it with filtered energy that does, while also contributing to a persons health and strength. This version includes Part 6) Batteries & Walnut Oil plus the addition of 10) Ordering the Mind. The materials used in this therapy are simple inexpensive, household items easily obtained. Enjoy......

The brain creates mind early on a person's life as it needs an interface with physical existence. This could be seen as the hardware even though its composed of energy. The brain then replicates in the mind an image or abstraction of its surroundings allowing the brain to connect to the outside world, and relate to it, through the mind. This image or abstraction is of societies and the organisations within those societies such as governments, businesses, religions, services and so on. This image may be seen as software, again composed of energy. It's assumed by the brain, replicating societies structure in the mind, that all these things are ordered in a way that leads to safely and security and so the structure of society and the organisations within it are accepted. This is almost a cloning process as its the energy of society that's absorbed into the mind, where the structure its created outwardly in society, goes on to replicate that structure in the mind including any inherent weaknesses, disorder, conflict and confusion within them. A complete copy or clone is made. ...

Contents 1) The Therapy Part 1: Removing Harmful Energy Part 2: Adding Health Supporting Energy Supplemental Materials: Silica Gel Serotonin Injury & Accident Part 3: Personal Development Introduction Sea Salt Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda) Magnesium Sulphate (Epsom Salts) Potato Starch Yeast Vinegar Wheat Bran Corn or Maize Rice Millet Oats Soya or Soybeans Sugar More on Personal Development Part 4: Enhancing the Placebo Effect Part 5: Honey & Batteries Part 6: Batteries & Walnut Oil Afterword 2) The Problem of Illness A) The Burning of Fossil Fuels B) Insect Life, Material, Energy & Bites Clear Fluid Insect Material and Energy Insect Life The Used Energy Residue of Artificial Heat and Cold Conditions that Start in the Womb Cell Division Rheumatoid Arthritis Energy Packets Cancer C) Bacteria D) The Energy of Fungal Infections Conditions Involving Fossil Fuel Energy and Insect Bites General Conditions Clear Fluid Vital Energy Harmful Electrical Energy The Bodies Electrical Energy Water in the Body Skin Conditions Other Conditions Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections L...