World Health Organization : Report on a European Syposium Convened by the Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, Bacteria, No. 79.1 - Revision 1: Practical Guide to the Prevention of Hospital-Acquired Infections

By G. Ducel, Dr.

Book Id: WPLBN0000014019
Format Type: PDF eBook:
File Size: 1.34 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization : Report on a European Syposium Convened by the Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, Bacteria, No. 79.1 - Revision 1: Practical Guide to the Prevention of Hospital-Acquired Infections
Author:	G. Ducel, Dr.
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Ducel, Dr, B. G. (n.d.). World Health Organization : Report on a European Syposium Convened by the Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, Bacteria, No. 79.1 - Revision 1. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
1. INTRODUCTION Hospital hygiene will be dealt with here in its narrow sense: the prevention of hospitalacquired infections. A hospital infection is an infection acquired in hospital by a patient who was admitted for a reason other than that infection. Before the advent of antibiotics most hospital infections were due to micro-organisms of external origin (salmonellosis caused by infected food, bacterial gangrene, etc.) or to microorganisms not present in the normal flora of the patients (diphtheria, tuberculosis or any other infectious disease in the conventional sense), but this has now changed. Nowadays hospital infections are caused by micro-organisms which are normally present in our personal flora, but in such small quantities that they are not patho$enic under nomal circumstances. When an antibiotic is administered, however, it acts not only on the pathogenic micro-organisms Chat are the target of the therapy but also on the whole of the patient's personal flora which it creats selectively.

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 . EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1 Sources and vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2 The pachugens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.3 Mode of transmission and ways of interrupting it . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.3.1 Mode of transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 . 3 . 2 Interruption of transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3 . PREVENTION: THE CONCEPT AND THE METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1 Surveillance and notification of all incipient infections or obvious superinfections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3 . 1 . 1 Notification of infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.1.2 Processing of information collected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2 Reduction of person-to-person cransmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2.1 Hand-washing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lo 3.2.2 Clothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.2.3 Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.3 Elimination of contamination by equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.3.1 Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3 . 3 . 2 Disinfection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.3.3 Sterilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.4 Regular routine cleaning of the hospital premises . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.4.1 ~omestic cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.4.2 Architectural considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4 . mCHNIQUES FOR PATIENT CARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.1 Basic techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4 . 1.1 patients' towels and toiler gloves . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.1.2 Tooth glasses and spittoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4.1.3 Thermometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4.1.4 Urinals, bed-pans and lavatory bowls . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4.1.5 Kidney dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 L.1.6 Enema equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . 4.1.7 Shaving equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4.1.8 Dressing trolleys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22