Alternative Control Techniques Document-No Emissions from Stationary X Gas Turbines

By Environmental Protection Agency

Book Id: WPLBN0000017072
Format Type: PDF eBook:
File Size: 1.73 MB
Reproduction Date: 2007

Title:	Alternative Control Techniques Document-No Emissions from Stationary X Gas Turbines
Author:	Environmental Protection Agency
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Ecology, Natural resource issues, Environemtal protection
Collections:	Environmental Awareness Library Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	United States Environmental Protection Agency


Citation APA MLA Chicago Protection Agency, B. E. (n.d.). Alternative Control Techniques Document-No Emissions from Stationary X Gas Turbines. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Excerpt: ALTERNATIVE CONTROL TECHNIQUES DOCUMENTS This report is issued by the Emission Standards Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, to provide information to State and local air pollution control agencies. Mention of trade names and commercial products is not intended to constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Copies of this report are available—as supplies permit—from the Library Services Office (MD-35), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 ([919] 541-2777) or, for a nominal fee, from the National Technical Information Services, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161 ([800] 553-NTIS).

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 2.0 SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2.1 NO FORMATION AND UNCONTROLLED NO EMISSIONS 2-1 x x 2.2 CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND CONTROLLED NO x EMISSION LEVELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 2.2.1 Combustion Controls . . . . . . . . . 2-2 2.2.2 Selective Catalytic Reduction . . . . 2-8 2.3 COSTS AND COST EFFECTIVENESS FOR NO CONTROL x TECHNIQUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 2.3.1 Capital Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 2.3.2 Cost Effectiveness . . . . . . . . . 2-17 2.4 REVIEW OF CONTROLLED NO EMISSION LEVELS AND x COSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23 2.5 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF NO x CONTROL TECHNIQUES . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23 3.0 STATIONARY GAS TURBINE DESCRIPTION AND INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF GAS TURBINES . . . . 3-1 3.2 OPERATING CYCLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 3.2.1 Simple Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 3.2.2 Regenerative Cycle . . . . . . . . . 3-7 3.2.3 Cogeneration Cycle . . . . . . . . . 3-10 3.2.4 Combined Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 3.3 INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 3.3.1 Oil and Gas Industry . . . . . . . . 3-13 3.3.2 Stand-By/Emergency Electric Power Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 3.3.3 Independent Electrical Power Producers 3-14 3.3.4 Electric Utilities . . . . . . . . . 3-15 3.3.5 Other Industrial Applications . . . . 3-16 3.4 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 3 . . . . . . . . . 3-19 4.0 CHARACTERIZATION OF NO EMISSIONS . . . . . . . . 4-1 x 4.1 THE FORMATION OF NO . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 x 4.1.1 Formation of Thermal and Prompt NO . 4-1 x 4.1.2 Formation of Fuel NO . . . . . . . . 4-4 x 4.2 UNCONTROLLED NO EMISSIONS . . . . . . . . . 4-6 x 4.2.1 Parameters Influencing Uncontrolled NO Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6 x 4.2.2 NO Emissions From Duct Burners . . . 4-12 x 4.3 UNCONTROLLED EMISSION FACTORS . . . . . . . 4-13 4.4 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 4 . . . . . . . . . . 4-15