Crs Report for Congress Received through the Crs Web Nonproliferation and Threat Reduction Assistance : U. S. Programs in the Former Soviet Union Updated January 12, 2005

By Woolf, Amy F.

Book Id: WPLBN0000022495
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 0.3 MB
Reproduction Date: 2008

Title:	Crs Report for Congress Received through the Crs Web Nonproliferation and Threat Reduction Assistance : U. S. Programs in the Former Soviet Union Updated January 12, 2005
Author:	Woolf, Amy F.
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Government publications, Legislation., Government Printing Office (U.S.)
Collections:	Government Library Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	Government Printing Office


Citation APA MLA Chicago Woolf, A. F. (n.d.). Crs Report for Congress Received through the Crs Web Nonproliferation and Threat Reduction Assistance : U. S. Programs in the Former Soviet Union Updated January 12, 2005. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Excerpt
Summary: Congress passed the Nunn-Lugar amendment, authorizing U.S. threat reduction assistance to the former Soviet Union, in November 1991, after a failed coup in Moscow and the disintegration of the Soviet Union raised concerns about the safety and security of Soviet nuclear weapons. The annual program has grown from $400 million in the DOD budget over $900 million across three agencies -- DOD ($409. million) DOE ($472.6 million) and the State Department ($70 million). It has also evolved from an emergency response to impending chaos in the Soviet Union, to a more comprehensive threat reduction and nonproliferation effort, to a broader program seeking to keep nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons from leaking out of the former Soviet Union and into the hands of rogue nations or terrorist groups.

Table of Contents
Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 The Nunn-Lugar Amendment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 A Slow Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 An Evolving Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Department of Defense Cooperative Threat Reduction Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Program Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 CTR Funding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 CTR Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Chain of Custody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Destruction and Dismantlement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Demilitarization Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 State Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Nonproliferation of WMD Expertise (Science and Technology Centers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Export Control and Related Border Security Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Department of Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 International Nuclear Materials Protection and Cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . 25 MPC&A Funding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 MPC&A Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Russian Transition Initiative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Nuclear Cities Initiative (NCI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Elimination of Weapons-Grade Plutonium Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Fissile Materials Disposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Issues for Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Organization and Coordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Strategic Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Program Coordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Access and Transparency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Certifications and Waivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Funding and Focus of the Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Funding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Globalization and International Cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 The G-8 Global Partnership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Extending CTR Beyond the former Soviet Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Global Recognition of National Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47