World Health Organization : Year 1993 ; World Health Organization, Expanded Programme on Immunization Tram, No. 93.2: Surveillance of Adverse Effects Following Immunization ; Field Guide for Managers of Immunization Programs

By World Health Organization

Book Id: WPLBN0000025006
Format Type: PDF eBook:
File Size: 0.9 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization : Year 1993 ; World Health Organization, Expanded Programme on Immunization Tram, No. 93.2: Surveillance of Adverse Effects Following Immunization ; Field Guide for Managers of Immunization Programs
Author:	World Health Organization
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Health Organization, B. W. (n.d.). World Health Organization : Year 1993 ; World Health Organization, Expanded Programme on Immunization Tram, No. 93.2. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
INTRODUCTION The goal of immunization is to protect the individual and the public from vaccinepreventable diseases. Although modem vaccines are safe, no vaccine is entirely without risk. Some people experience reactions after immunization ranging from mild side effects to life-threatening, but rare, illnesses. In some cases, these reactions are caused by the vaccine; in others, they are caused by an error in the administration of the vaccine; and in yet others, there is no relationship. Whatever the cause, when an adverse event following an immunization (AEFI) upsets people to the extent that they refuse further immunizations for their children, the children are much more likely to get a vaccine-preventable disease, become seriously ill, disabled, and even die. To increase immunization acceptance and improve the quality of services, the surveillance of severe MFIs must become an integral part of immunization programmes. In response to a request by national programme managers in 1990, the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) Global Advisory Group (GAG) of the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that all immunization programmes monitor AEms and that WHO provide assistance in doing so. This guide was prepared in response.

Table of Contents
Table of Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 . Planning AEFI Surveillance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 . Detecting and Reporting AEFIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 A . Which AEFIs should be included in AEFI surveillance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 B . Who should be involved in MFI detection? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 C. To whom should reports be submitted? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 D . When should MFIs be reported? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 E . How should AEFIs be reported? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 F . What happens next? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3 . Investigating AEFIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 A . Why should an adverse event case investigation be carried out? . . . . . . . . . 9 B . What should an AEFI investigation accomplish? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 C . What should be investigated and when? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 D . Who should be involved in AEFI investigations? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 E . What data should be collected? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 F . From whom should data be collected? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 G . How should data be collected? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 H . How should data be recorded? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 I . What happens next? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4 . Analysing AEFI Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 A . Who should participate in data analysis? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 B . How should the case be diagnosed? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 C . How should a cause be determined? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 D . When can a laboratory assist in the analysis? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 E . How should the results of the investigation be reported? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 F. What happens next? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5 . Taking Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 A . Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 B . Communication with parents and other members of the community . . . . . . 21 C. Improving Service Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 D . Learning more about AEFIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 6. Evaluating AEFI Surveillance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 A . What indicators should be used? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 B . How should the system be evaluated? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 C . How should progress in AEFI surveillance be reported? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Appendix A: Case Definitions for Monitoring Adverse Events Following Immunization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Appendix B: Monthly Disease Surveillance Report Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Appendix C: Surveillance Report Receipt Form . . . . . . . . . . .