Using Coal Ashi in Highway Construction : A Guide to Benefits and Impacts

By Environmental Protection Agency

Book Id: WPLBN0000049027
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 2.3 MB
Reproduction Date: 2007

Title:	Using Coal Ashi in Highway Construction : A Guide to Benefits and Impacts
Author:	Environmental Protection Agency
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Ecology, Natural resource issues, Environemtal protection
Collections:	Environmental Awareness Library Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	United States Environmental Protection Agency


Citation APA MLA Chicago Agency, E. P. (n.d.). Using Coal Ashi in Highway Construction : A Guide to Benefits and Impacts. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Excerpt: Glossary: Alkali-Silicate Reactivity: The reaction between the alkalies (sodium and potassium) in Portland cement with certain siliceous rocks and minerals, such as opaline chert, strained quartz, and acidic volcanic glass, present in some aggregates; the products of the reaction can cause abnormal expansion and cracking of concrete in service. Class F fly ash is used in concrete to reduce the occurrence of alkali-silica reactivity.

Table of Contents
Contents Background Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 What Are Coal Combustion Products?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 How Are Coal Combustion Products Used? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 How Are Coal Combustion Products Used in Highway Applications?. . . . . . . . . . . 6 What Are the Engineering Performance Standards for Using Coal Ash in Highway Construction? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Are There State Requirements for Using Coal Ash in Highway Construction? . . . . 9 Performance and Cost Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 In Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 In Embankments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 In Flowable Fill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 In Stabilized Base Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 In Asphalt Pavements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 In Grouts for Pavement Subsealing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Environmental Benefits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Reductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Resource Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Solid Waste Reduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Environmental and Health Cautions Associated with Concrete (Encapsulated) Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Environmental and Health Cautions Associated with Unencapsulated Uses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Water Issues: Groundwater/Surface Water Health and Human Ingestion . . . . . . 22 Vegetation and Food Chain Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1