Regional Office for Africa : 1994-99 ; World Health Organization, Afro Edp 99.7: Drug Quality Control Laboratories

By Moses Chisale

Book Id: WPLBN0000050802
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 0.8 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	Regional Office for Africa : 1994-99 ; World Health Organization, Afro Edp 99.7: Drug Quality Control Laboratories
Author:	Moses Chisale
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Chisale, M. (n.d.). Regional Office for Africa : 1994-99 ; World Health Organization, Afro Edp 99.7. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
Environmental Health Criteria P R E A M B L E Objectives In 1973 the WHO Environmental Health Criteria Programme was initiated with the following objectives: (i) to assess information on the relationship between exposure to environmental pollutants and human health, and to provide guidelines for setting exposure limits; (ii) to identify new or potential pollutants; (iii) to identify gaps in knowledge concerning the health effects of pollutants; (iv) to promote the harmonization of toxicological and epidemiological methods in order to have internationally comparable results.

Table of Contents
CONTENTS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA FOR BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS PREAMBLE vii ABBREVIATIONS xv 1. SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Identity, biological characteristics, and analytical methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Mode of action on target insects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 Habitats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.4 Commercial products, production and application . . . . . 3 1.5 Effects of Bt on non-target organisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.6 Exposure and effects of Bt on humans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.7 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. IDENTITY, BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, AND ANALYTICAL METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.1 Identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.1.1 Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.1.2 Relationship between Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.1.3 Crystal composition and morphology . . . . . . . . 7 2.1.4 Classification of Bt subspecies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.1.5 Genetics of ICP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.1.6 Beta-exotoxin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.1.7 Other Bt metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.2 Bioassays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.2.1 Spore counts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.2.2 International bioassay for ICPs . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3. MODE OF ACTION ON TARGET INSECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.1 Bioactivity of field isolates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.2 Mechanism of action of Bt formulations . . . . . . . . . . . . 19