World Health Organization ; World Health Organization Offeset Publication No. 86: Mental Retardation ; Meeting the Challenge

By World Health Organization

Book Id: WPLBN0000061452
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 2.5 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization ; World Health Organization Offeset Publication No. 86: Mental Retardation ; Meeting the Challenge
Author:	World Health Organization
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Organization, W. H. (n.d.). World Health Organization ; World Health Organization Offeset Publication No. 86. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
PREFACE This publication is the result of close collaboration between the Joint Commission on International Aspects of Mental Retardation and the World Health Organization in an area of great significance for public health and for social development. Tens of millions of people have some degree of intellectual impairment that results in disability and severe suffering, much of which can be alleviated if appropriate measures are taken. Today many such measures are possible and have been shown to be effective. Some of them are expensive but many others are not and can be applied even in countries that have only limited resources. In this book some of these measures are discussed and it is the hope of the Joint Commission and of WHO that its publication will support the efforts of nations and individuals to improve the plight of the mentally impaired and their families. This book could not have been produced without the contributions of many individuals, not all of whom are mentioned here. Their reward, as well as the reward of those listed below, will lie in the application of suggestions made in this publication.

Table of Contents
CONTENTS .Page Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1 . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . N a t u r e o f t h e p r o b l e m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 I d e n t i f i c a t i o n a n d assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.1 Theprofoundlyretarded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.2 The severely and moderately retarded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.3 Themildly retarded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . Etiological factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Prevalence and causative factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Causative factors of severe mental retardation . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1 Malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.2 Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.3 Perinatal factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.4 Genetic causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.5 Physical and chemical agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.6 Gross social deprivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.7 Unknown causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 C3.a3u.1s atiOver gfaancict ofrasc otof rms ild .m.en.ta.l r.et.ar.da.ti.on. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.3.2 Impoverishment of the social environment . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . National policy formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 Major steps in the formulation of policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Consultative body . national standing committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Review of general policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Assessment of the problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.1 Sample surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.2 Other sources of information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Review of existing services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Meeting the needs of the mentally retarded: f i l l i n g the gap . . . . . 4.7 Developing a strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Community programmes for the disabled . . . 5.3 Prevention and treatment: medical aspects 5.3.1 Basic health measures . . . . . . . 5.3.2 Desirable health measures . . . . . 5.4 Training and rehabilitation: social aspects 5.4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.2 Early identification and intervention 5.4.3 Family support services . . . . . . 55..44..45 PSopsetc-isaclh oeodlu cpartoiovni sion. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.4.6 Residential services . . . . . . . . 5.5 Manpower development . . . . . . . . . . . 6 . The role of voluntary organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .