Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy Draft Report for External Review Pcdd (Dioxins) and Pcdf (Furans) : Reduction Options

By Battelle

Book Id: WPLBN0000063996
Format Type: PDF eBook:
File Size: 0.9 MB
Reproduction Date: 2007

Title:	Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy Draft Report for External Review Pcdd (Dioxins) and Pcdf (Furans) : Reduction Options
Author:	Battelle
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Ecology, Natural resource issues, Environemtal protection
Collections:	Environmental Awareness Library Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	United States Environmental Protection Agency


Citation APA MLA Chicago Battelle, B. (n.d.). Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy Draft Report for External Review Pcdd (Dioxins) and Pcdf (Furans) : Reduction Options. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Excerpt: This report was prepared under contract to an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any of its employees, contractors, subcontractors, or their employees makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability of responsibility for any third party s use of the results of or the results of such use of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use by such third party would not infringe on privately owned rights. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND REPORT OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON DIOXINS/FURANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1 CHEMICAL DESCRIPTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF DIOXINS/FURANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2 DIOXINS/FURANS SOURCES AND RELEASES OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . 4 2.3 SUMMARY OF EFFORTS TO CONTROL DIOXIN/FURAN RELEASES . . 7 3.0 IDENTIFYING DIOXIN/FURAN REDUCTION OPPORTUNITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE GLBTS WORKGROUP S SECTOR ANALYSIS PROCESS FOR IDENTIFYING OPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2 FINDINGS OF TH E SECTOR ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.2.1 Municipal Waste Combustion (MWC) and Medical Waste Incineration (MWI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.2.2 Backyard Trash / Open Burning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.2.3 Residential Wood Combustion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.2.4 Pentachlorophenol Treated Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.2.5 Hazardous Waste Burning Cement Kilns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.2.6 Iron Sintering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.2.7 Steel Manufacturing Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF) . . . . . . . . . . 26 3.2.8 Secondary Copper Smelting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.2.9 Landfill Fires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.2.10 Other Smaller Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4.0 PROPOSED OPTIONS FOR ACHIEVING FURTHER DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 4.1 STRATEGIC APPROACH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 4.2 KEY PROPOSED ACTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 4.2.1 Municipal Waste Combustion (MW C) and Medical Waste Incineration (MWI) Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 4.2.2 Open Burning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 4.2.3 Residential Wood Combustion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 4.2.4 Pentachlorophenol Treated Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 4.2.5 Steel Manufacturing (EAF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4.2.6 Landfill Fires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 4.3 NEXT STEPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41