Arsenic Occurrence in Public Drinking Water Supplies

By Bell, Kathleen

Book Id: WPLBN0000064007
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 1.1 MB
Reproduction Date: 2007

Title:	Arsenic Occurrence in Public Drinking Water Supplies
Author:	Bell, Kathleen
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Ecology, Natural resource issues, Environemtal protection
Collections:	Environmental Awareness Library Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	United States Environmental Protection Agency


Citation APA MLA Chicago Bell, K. (n.d.). Arsenic Occurrence in Public Drinking Water Supplies. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Excerpt: Appendices: Appendix A: Adapted Regression on Order Statistics Methodology Appendix B: Analysis Results Appendix B-1: State Exceedance Probability Distributions Appendix B-2: Box Plots Appendix B-3: Lognormal Probability Plots of System Means Appendix C: Summaries of Pre-1980 Data Sets Appendix D: Database Specifications and Data Conditioning Appendix D-1: Individual State Database Specifications for Preliminary Database Appendix D-2: AOED Database Specifications Appendix D-3: Initital Datat Conditioning Process

Table of Contents
Table of Contents List of Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Purpose of this Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 Organization of the Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Sources of Arsenic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.1 Physical and Chemical Properties of Arsenic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.1.1 Environmentally Relevant Arsenic Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 Natural Sources of Arsenic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3 Anthropogenic Sources of Arsenic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3. Fate and Transport of Arsenic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.1 Relationship of Fate and Transport Properties to Source Intake . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.2 Relationship of Fate and Transport Properties to Treatment and Distribution . . 22 4. Sources of Data on Arsenic Occurrence in Drinking Water Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.1 Arsenic Occurrence and Exposure Database (AOED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.1.1 Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4.1.2 State Compliance Monitoring Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 4.1.3 Building the AOED from SDWIS and State Compliance Monitoring Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 4.2 Comparison Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 4.2.1 National Arsenic Occurrence Survey (NAOS) Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 4.2.2 USGS Arsenic Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 4.2.4 Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (Metro) Database . . 54 4.3 Other Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.3.1 1969 Community Water Supply Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.3.2 1978 Community Water Supply Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.3.3 Rural Water Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.3.4 National Organics Monitoring Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.3.5 Western Coalition of Arid States Research Committee Arsenic Occurrence Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.3.6 Association of California Water Agencies Database (ACWA) . . . . . . . . 57 5. Arsenic Occurrence Patterns in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 5.1 Stratification by Source Water Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 5.2 Stratification by System Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 5.3 Stratification by System Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70