World Health Organization : Year 1997 ; World Health Organization, Emerging and Other Communicable Disease Surveillance and Control Dis, No. 97.7: World Health Organization Recommended Guidelines for Epidemic Preparedness and Response ; Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (EHF)

By World Health Organization

Book Id: WPLBN0000085391
Format Type: PDF eBook:
File Size: 0.2 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization : Year 1997 ; World Health Organization, Emerging and Other Communicable Disease Surveillance and Control Dis, No. 97.7: World Health Organization Recommended Guidelines for Epidemic Preparedness and Response ; Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (EHF)
Author:	World Health Organization
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Health Organization, B. W. (n.d.). World Health Organization : Year 1997 ; World Health Organization, Emerging and Other Communicable Disease Surveillance and Control Dis, No. 97.7. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
Part one: Background information on the organism and the disease Ebola virus causes the acute viral syndrome known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF). Named after a river in northern Zaire (now Congo) where it was first discovered in 1976, Ebola is morphologically related to the Marburg virus recognized in 1967, but is antigenically distinct. EHF is a severe disease, with or without haemorrhagic symptoms, characterized by person-to-person transmission through close contact with patients, dead bodies or infected body fluids. The potential for explosive nosocomial infection in health care centres with poor hygiene standards constitutes its main threat to public health. The case fatality rate of EHF is over 50%; there are no individual preventive treatments or vaccines available although supportive care, particularly proper rehydration, significantly reduces the number of deaths. The epidemic potential of EHF can be prevented through proper management in health care centres, such as rapid investigation and strict follow-up of contacts, patient isolation and the rigorous use of universal precautions.

Table of Contents
Table of Contents Page Part one: Background information on the organism and the disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 The organism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 The disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3 Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.4. Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Part two: Measures for case detection and control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1 Defining a surveillance system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1.1 Definition of a case of EHF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1.2 Monitoring and follow-up of cases and contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1.3 Rumour and information management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1.4 Death of suspected cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 Laboratory confirmation and findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.3 Collection and shipment of specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.3.1 Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.3.2 Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Part three: Management of an epidemic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1 Patient management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1.1. Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1.2. Sanitation and hygiene/Nursing practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1.3. Handling corpses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.1.4. Burials/Burial sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2 Logistic Support/Training of health care workers and volunteers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Part four: Planning and resource allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4.1 Local and national health authorities, WHO, and other international partners . . . . 10 4.1.1 Local health facility level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4.1.2 District/regional/provincial level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.1.3 National level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.2 Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Annex 1: Historical review of Ebola outbreaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Annex 2: Clinical course and differential diagnosis of EHF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Annex 3: Case and contact definitions for Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Annex 4: Case report form for Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Annex 5: Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever active surveillance form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Annex 6: Epidemiological calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Annex 7: Skin biopsy on fatal cases for diagnosis of Ebola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .