World Health Organization : Year 1992 ; World Health Organization, Control of Tropical Diseases, No. 92.1: World Health Organization Expert Committee on Malaria

By L. B. Calheiros, Dr.

Book Id: WPLBN0000089665
Format Type: PDF eBook:
File Size: 2.77 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization : Year 1992 ; World Health Organization, Control of Tropical Diseases, No. 92.1: World Health Organization Expert Committee on Malaria
Author:	L. B. Calheiros, Dr.
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago B. Calheiros, Dr, B. L. (n.d.). World Health Organization : Year 1992 ; World Health Organization, Control of Tropical Diseases, No. 92.1. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
The WHO Expert Committee on Malaria met in Geneva from 6 to 14 November 1989. The meeting was opened on behalf of the Director-General by Dr T. Bektimirov, Assistant Director-General, who pointed out that during the last decade no progress had been made towards reducing the global malaria ~roblem while new impedimenta to sustained control had emerged. In particular, during the past two years there had been some dramatic outbreaks of epidemic malaria. The impact of the malaria problem had been felt not only in tropical but also in temperate countries. In January 1989, the WHO Executive Board, in resolution, EB83.Rl6, had noted that the malaria situation had continued to deteriorate, increasingly hampering socioeconomic development and severely affecting the overall health status of populations, especially in the least developed areas of the world

Table of Contents
CONTENTS Page Introduction ......................................................... 1 Review of the present malaria situation .............................. 2 2.1 Trend analysis .................................................. 2 2.2 Trends in financing antimalarial action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2.1 The cost-recovery scheme ................................. 3 2.2.2 Financing of the general malaria control programme . . . . . . . 4 Antimalarial drugs and their use for malaria control ................. 7 3.1 Antimalarial drugs in current use ............................... 7 3.2 New antimalarial drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.3 Chemoprophylaxis ................................................ 12 3.L Malaria drug utilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Strengthening malaria diagnostic services and treatment facilities . . . 16 C . l Diagnostic requirements and practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 7 4.1.1 Clinical diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.1.2 Diagnosis by light microscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 L.1.3 Risks associated with the taking of blood smears ......... 20 4.1.L Peripheralization of malaria diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.2 Development of skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.0 4.2.1 Current problems relating to development and maintenance of skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 1 4.2.2 Approaches to development of skills ...................... 21 4.2.3 Educational methodologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Epidemiological evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 5.1 Epidemiological practices in malaria control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 2 5.2 EpXdemfological indicators, su+veys and analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.2.1 The conceptual model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.2.2 Information obtainable through the ordinary operations of the health and health-related services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.2.3 Information obtainable through special sample surveys ... 25 5.2.4 Epidemiological analysis ................................. 26 5.3 Organizational aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.3.1 Information systems development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 7 5.3.2 Development of epidemiological skills in the health services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.7 5.3.3 Role and deployment of malaria specialists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Prevention and control of malaria transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6.1 Currently available vector-control measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6.1.1 Control of man-vector contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 9 6.1.2 Environmencal management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6.1.3 Biological control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 0 6.1.4 Chemical or microbiological agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6.2 Expected impact of vector-control measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6.3 Criteria for the selection of antivector measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 6.4 Critical assessment of efficacy of antivector measures .......... 32 Management of epidemic malaria ........