A Review of the Reference Dose and Reference Concentration Processes

By Mills, Amy

Book Id: WPLBN0000100575
Format Type: PDF eBook:
File Size: 2.95 MB
Reproduction Date: 2007

Title:	A Review of the Reference Dose and Reference Concentration Processes
Author:	Mills, Amy
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Ecology, Natural resource issues, Environemtal protection
Collections:	Environmental Awareness Library Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	United States Environmental Protection Agency


Citation APA MLA Chicago Mills, B. A. (n.d.). A Review of the Reference Dose and Reference Concentration Processes. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Excerpt: DISCLAIMER: This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

Table of Contents
CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii 1. INTRODUCTION, PURPOSE, AND SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 2. REVIEW OF THE CURRENT USE OF ACUTE, SHORT-TERM, AND LONGER-TERM REFERENCE VALUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2.1. REVIEW OF CURRENT LESS-THAN-LIFETIME REFERENCE VALUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2.1.1. Acute Reference Exposure (ARE) Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2.1.2. Acute Exposure Guidelines (AEGL) Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 2.1.3. Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) Procedures for Setting Acute and Intermediate RfDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 2.1.4. Office of Water (OW) Health Advisories (HAs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 2.1.5. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 2.2. SUMMARY OF CURRENT METHODS FOR SETTING ACUTE, SHORT-TERM, AND LONGER-TERM REFERENCE VALUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 2.3. RECOMMENDATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11 3. REVIEW OF TESTING GUIDELINES WITH RESPECT TO LIFE STAGE ASSESSMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3.1. EVALUATION OF CURRENT GUIDELINE TESTING PROTOCOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 3.1.1. Exposures and Endpoints Related to General Toxicity Testing . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 3.1.1.1. Acute and Short-Term Toxicity Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 3.1.1.2. Subchronic and Chronic Toxicity Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 3.1.2. Exposures and Endpoints Related to Evaluation of Reproductive Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 3.1.2.1. Overview of Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 3.1.2.2. Gaps in Life Stage of Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 3.1.2.3. Gaps in Assessment Endpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 3.1.2.4. Gaps in Duration/Latency Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 3.1.3. Exposures and Endpoints Related to Evaluation of Neurotoxicity . . . . . . . . 3-15 3.1.3.1. Overview of Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15