World Health Organization : Organisation Mondiale de la Sante ; Serie de Monographies, Volume Number 60, (Part 1): Waste Stabilization Ponds

By Earnest F. Gloyna, D. Eng.

Book Id: WPLBN0000114365
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 3.6 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization : Organisation Mondiale de la Sante ; Serie de Monographies, Volume Number 60, (Part 1): Waste Stabilization Ponds
Author:	Earnest F. Gloyna, D. Eng.
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Gloyna, D. Eng, E. F. (n.d.). World Health Organization : Organisation Mondiale de la Sante ; Serie de Monographies, Volume Number 60, (Part 1). Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to express his appreciation to the many engineers and public health workers who have assisted in the preparation of this monograph. Professor G. van R. Marais of the University of Cape Town, South Africa, devoted considerable time while on leave at the University of Texas to reviewing the text and provided much useful information on design procedures in southern and central Africa. Valuable assistance was also given by members of the Environmental Health Engineering Faculty, University of Texas, and by the staff of the WHO Secretariat.

Table of Contents
CONTENTS Page Preface 1 I CHAPTER 1 . GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. . . . . . . . . 13 Types of pond. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 History of pond developnlent . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Modes of operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 CHAPTER 2 . EXTENT OF WASTE STABILIZATION POND USAGE . 20 Worldwide survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Israel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Central and South America . . . . . . . . . . . .25 South Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Europe 29 Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Zealand 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . United States of America 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canada 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cost 39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary of practices 44 CHAPTER 3 . WASTE-WATER CHARACTERISTICS AND BIOLOGICAL STABILIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nature of pollution 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waste characteristics 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Biological reactions 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oxygen demand 51 Stoichiometry of algal and bacterial systems . . . . . 54 . . . . . . . . CHAPTER 4 . PROCESS DESIGN PROCEDLXES 56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Predesign considerations 56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Typical pond layouts 58 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Facultative ponds 59 Anaerobic ponds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aerobic ponds 83 . . . . . . . . Summary and design recommendations 88 CHAPTER 5 . DISEASE TRANSMISSION CONTROL AS A FACTOR IN POND DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 . . . . . . . . . . Pathogenic agents in waste-waters 93 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indicator organisms 94 Other bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortality rate estimates 101