World Health Organization : Year 1994 ; World Health Organization, Operational Support in Environmental Health, No. 94.1-3, (Vol2): Gemsiair Methodology Review Handbook Series Volume 2 Primary Standard Calibration Methods and Network Intercalibrations for Air Quality Monitoring

By S. Eaton

Book Id: WPLBN0000117851
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 1.8 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization : Year 1994 ; World Health Organization, Operational Support in Environmental Health, No. 94.1-3, (Vol2): Gemsiair Methodology Review Handbook Series Volume 2 Primary Standard Calibration Methods and Network Intercalibrations for Air Quality Monitoring
Author:	S. Eaton
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Eaton, S. (n.d.). World Health Organization : Year 1994 ; World Health Organization, Operational Support in Environmental Health, No. 94.1-3, (Vol2). Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
INTRODUCTION Primary standards and intercalibration are two important elements of an overall quality assurance/quality control (QAIQC) system. Other important components, such as network design, site selection, measurement method selection and data management, are discussed in the first volume in this series (UNEPIWHO, 1994a). Primary standards provide the basis of all measurement in an air monitoring programme and the central reference point for all field measurements. If these are not produced reliably and accurately, then all measured data may be unsound. From the primary standard, transfer standards are prepared which can be used in the field to compare the performance of individual monitoring units. The exercise is termed intercalibration. By correcting the performance of individual monitoring units in the field, consistency of measurements within the network can be maintained. The technique of network intercalibrations is a powerful tool in assuring high data quality, integrity and intercomparability from pollution monitoring systems operating over national or international scales. This technique allows cross referencing of individuel data sets to one common standard, thereby enabling complete consistency of measurements throughout a particular network. The representativeness and usefulness of measurements is thus ensured.

Table of Contents
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 PART 1 : PRIMARY STANDARD CALIBRATION METHODS TECHNIQUES FOR THE PREPARATION OF PRIMARYSTANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Preparation of Zero Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Permeation Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Static Dilution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Dynamic Dilution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Gas Phase Titration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 UV Photometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Compressed Gas Cylinders as Transfer Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Chemical Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Method Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL GAS STANDARDS LABORATORIES: A PRACTICAL OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 QUALITY CONTROL (QC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 PART 2: AIR MONITORING NETWORK INTERCALIBRATIONS NETWORK INTERCALIBRATION TECHNIQUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.1. Intercalibration of Primary Standards Laboratories . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.2. lntercalibration of Monitoring Site Analysers and Operational Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.3. Combination of Primary Standard and Monitoring Site Intercalibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 PERFORMING NETWORK INTERCALlBRATlONS AND SITE AUDITS: OPERATIONAL IMPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 6.1. Transfer Standards Used In Network Intercalibrations . . . . . . . . . 21