World Health Organization : Year 1996 ; World Health Organization, Strengthening of Health Service, No. 96.2: From Health-For-Some to Health-For-All

By Roy A. Carr-Hill

Book Id: WPLBN0000139419
Format Type: PDF eBook:
File Size: 2.49 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization : Year 1996 ; World Health Organization, Strengthening of Health Service, No. 96.2: From Health-For-Some to Health-For-All
Author:	Roy A. Carr-Hill
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago A. Carr Hil, B. R. (n.d.). World Health Organization : Year 1996 ; World Health Organization, Strengthening of Health Service, No. 96.2. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Thc declaration of the goal ofNealth for All by the Year 2000 has had a powcrf~l impact on policy-makers around the world. There has bcen substantial publicity about differences between countries and therefore a.bout the catching up that is necessary', but less systetnatic attention has been paid to within-country disparities. Yet, just as with the intercountry comparisons, the magnitude of existing inequities in health per is an indication of the potential for improving health conditions - and thus health status - among disadvantaged groups within any country. Indeed, the continuing emphasis on comprehensive and sustainable ptimary health care throws the spotlight on the poor health status of underprivileged groups. But the specific recommendations made at both the Alma-Ata conference and the Riga follow-up conl'erence a decade later were rather vabwe on the question of how thc health status ofthc poor was to be itnproved.

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................ii 1 . CONTEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 . CONCEM OF EQUITY AND XNEQUITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Whatisequity? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Equity in the allocation of health care resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Groups and individuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Inequalities betwccn which groups? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 C:onclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 13 MASURING MQUAI .. X'rIES IN WEALTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Kinds of classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Health indicators for equities and inequities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Narrowing or widening gaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Incqualilies in growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Anindcx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4 . ANALYSIS: l'l-E KNOWLEDGE BASE FOR ACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 The importance of thc social model of health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Persistence ofinequalities and thc problems of policy making . . . . . . . . . . 21 Community involvenlent in health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 5 . ANAGENDAFORACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Data and targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Fiscal policies for countering inequallt~es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Appropriate health care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 International action to in~proveth e health of the poor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Annex 1 Trcnds in mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Annex 2 Recent approaches to defining needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Annex 3 Definitions of underprivileged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Annex 4 Measuring inequalities over time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Annex 5 Interscctoral cooperation and participatory development . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49