China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles : Policy Issues

By Kan, Shirley A.

Book Id: WPLBN0000172030
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 0.2 MB
Reproduction Date: 2008

Title:	China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles : Policy Issues
Author:	Kan, Shirley A.
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Government publications, Legislation., Government Printing Office (U.S.)
Collections:	Government Library Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	Government Printing Office


Citation APA MLA Chicago Kan, S. A. (n.d.). China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles : Policy Issues. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Excerpt
Summary: Congress has long been concerned about whether U.S. policy advances the U.S. interest in reducing the role of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and missiles that could deliver them. Recipients of China’s technology include Pakistan and countries that the State Department says support terrorism, such as Iran, North Korea, and Libya. The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, added an urgent U.S. interest in weapons nonproliferation. This CRS Report (superseding CRS Issue Brief IB92056) discusses the national security problem of China’s role in weapons proliferation and issues related to the U.S. policy response, including legislation, since the mid-1990s. The table at the end of this report summarizes the U.S. sanctions imposed on PRC entities for weapons proliferation. This CRS Report will be updated as warranted.

Table of Contents
Contents Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 PRC Proliferation Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Nonproliferation Commitments but Continued Concerns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Nuclear Technology Sales to Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Ring Magnets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Nuclear Cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Missile Technology Sales to Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 M-11 Missiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Missile Plants and MRBMs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Nuclear Technology Sales to Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Missile Technology Sales to Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Ballistic Missiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Anti-Ship Cruise Missiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Chemical Sales to Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 North Korea’s Missile and Nuclear Weapons Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Missile Technology Sales to Libya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Missile Technology Sales to Syria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Policy Issues and Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Foreign and Defense Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Summits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Counter-Terrorism Campaign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Missile Defense and Counterproliferation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Export Control Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Linkage to the Taiwan Issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Economic Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Satellite Exports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Sanctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Capital Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Nuclear Cooperation Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 U.S. Import Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 U.S. Export Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Nonproliferation and Arms Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Nonproliferation Regimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 CTBT and Fissile Materials Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 International Lending and Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 List of Tables PRC Entities Sanctioned for Weapons Proliferation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25