World Health Organization : Year 2001 ; Communicable Diseases and Emerging Infectious Diseases ; Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response Aph, No. 2001.7: The Increasing Incidence of Human Campylobacteriosis. Report and Proceedings of a World Health Organization Consultation of Experts

By Robert V. Tauxe

Book Id: WPLBN0000195405
Format Type: PDF eBook:
File Size: 0.1 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization : Year 2001 ; Communicable Diseases and Emerging Infectious Diseases ; Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response Aph, No. 2001.7: The Increasing Incidence of Human Campylobacteriosis. Report and Proceedings of a World Health Organization Consultation of Experts
Author:	Robert V. Tauxe
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago V. Taux, B. R. (n.d.). World Health Organization : Year 2001 ; Communicable Diseases and Emerging Infectious Diseases ; Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response Aph, No. 2001.7. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
1. Executive summary The public health burden of campylobacteriosis is increasing. The reported incidence of campylobacteriosis in most developed countries has risen substantially during the past 20 years, and especially since 1990. In developing countries, campylobacteriosis is widespread and causes significant morbidity, and even mortality, in infants and children. Additional concerns are raised by the number of newly described Campylobacter species, as well as the increasing number of antibioticresistant strains of the common species, C. jejuni. Recently, too, it has been recognized that the paralytic condition, Guillain-Barr Syndrome (GBS), is a serious complication of Campylobacter infections. Many risk factors for Campylobacter transmission have been identified. In developed countries, for example, handling and consumption of poultry meat are often causes of infection and are likely to account for much of the increased incidence of campylobacteriosis. Other risk factors include foods of animal origin, including raw milk, inadequately treated water, contact with farm animals and pets, and foreign travel. Many transmission pathways vary in importance with time and location. Despite the increasing importance of campylobacteriosis, most developing countries, and even many developed countries, do not have surveillance systems to measure the health and economic burden of human campylobacteriosis, nor detect trends in outbreaks. Few countries, for example, survey animals and other foodstuffs for Campylobacter, which hampers investigation into the sources and routes of Campylobacter transmission. In many countries, too, the capacity to detect and respond to outbreaks of campylobacteriosis is also insufficient.

Table of Contents
Table of Contents 1. Executive summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 3. General conclusions and recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 3.1 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 3.2 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 4. Health impact of Campylobacter infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 4.1 Morbidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 4.2 Mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 4.3 Sequelae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 4.4 The burden of Campylobacter species other than C. jejuni and C. coli . . .10 4.5 Antibiotic resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 5. Epidemiology of Campylobacter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 5.1 Campylobacter infection rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 5.2 Pathways for transmitting Campylobacter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 5.3 Identification of risk factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 5.4 Campylobacter types in foods and reservoirs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 5.5 Outbreak investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 5.6 Intervention studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 6. Development of laboratory infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 6.1 Establishment of regional and national reference facilities . . . . . . . . . . . .16 6.2 Laboratory guidelines for Campylobacter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 6.3 Education and training programmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 6.4 Technology transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 6.5 Development and standardization of laboratory methods . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 7. Surveillance of Campylobacter and campylobacteriosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 7.1 Surveillance in developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 7.2 Developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 7.3 Non human reservoirs of Campylobacter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21