A Comprehensive Approach : Preventing Blood-Borne Infections Among Injection Drug Users

By Department of Health and Human Services

Book Id: WPLBN0000200218
Format Type: PDF eBook:
File Size: 2.60 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	A Comprehensive Approach : Preventing Blood-Borne Infections Among Injection Drug Users
Author:	Department of Health and Human Services
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Medical research, Medical reports
Collections:	Medical Library Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention


Citation APA MLA Chicago Of Health And Human Services, B. D. (n.d.). A Comprehensive Approach : Preventing Blood-Borne Infections Among Injection Drug Users. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Excerpt
Introduction and Overview: Since 1981, 733,374 cases of AIDS have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In 1999, 46,400 new cases were reported. It is estimated that 650,000 to 900,000 Americans are now living with HIV, and that approximately 40,000 new infections occur each year. Approximately 1 to 1.25 million Americans are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), and since 1995, approximately 185,000 new infections have occurred each yea r. An estimated 2.7 million Americans are chronically infec t e d with hepatitis C (HCV).

Table of Contents
Table of Contents INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 CHAPTER 1: Injection Drug Users Play a Key Role in the Transmission of HIV and Other Blood-borne Infections. . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Risk Behaviors Associated with Infection by HIV and Other Blood-borne Infections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 D rug Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 S exual Behav i o r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 The Context of High-risk Drug and Sexual Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Drug Use Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Social Networ k s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Membership in Groups with Especially High Risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 G e o graphic Diffe re n c e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Income and Social Fac t o r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 CHAPTER 2: The Legal, Social, and Policy Climate Limits Prevention Options for IDUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Negative Attitudes and Stigma Toward IDUs Persist Despite a New Understanding of Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Negative Attitudes Toward IDUs on Public Policy and Treatment Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 CHAPTER 3: A Comprehensive Approach is a More Effective Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Guiding Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .