World Health Organization : Year 2002 ; Assessment Document, A74580: Genomics and World Health Report of the Advisory Committee on Health Research

By Gro Harlem Brundtland, Dr.

Book Id: WPLBN0000209521
Format Type: PDF eBook:
File Size: 1.01 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization : Year 2002 ; Assessment Document, A74580: Genomics and World Health Report of the Advisory Committee on Health Research
Author:	Gro Harlem Brundtland, Dr.
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Harlem Brundtland, Dr, B. G. (n.d.). World Health Organization : Year 2002 ; Assessment Document, A74580. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
Acknowledgements The writing team for this Report was comprised of David Weatherall (Principal/Lead Writer), Dan Brock and Heng-Leng Chee. Members of the WHO Advisory Committee on Health Research (Zulfiqar Bhutta, Barry Bloom, Mahmoud Fathalla-Committee Chair, Marian Jacobs, Gerald Keusch, Maxime Schwartz, Gita Sen, Fumimaro Takaku, Cesar Victora, Lars Walloe, Judith Whitworth) provided extensive comments and inputs to various drafts of the Report prepared by the writing team. David Carr provided invaluable editorial support throughout the preparation of the Report. Williamina Wilson provided expert editorial assistance on the final draft of the Report. Tikki Pang coordinated the process for preparation and development of the Report and the Department of Research Policy & Cooperation, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland acted as secretariat. Invaluable secretarial assistance was provided throughout by Liz Rose and Daniéle Doebeli.

Table of Contents
Contents Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 2. Genomics and the Genome Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 2.2 What are genes and how do they function? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 2.3 The development of molecular genetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 2.3.1 Classical genetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 2.3.2 Molecular genetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 2.4 Characterizing the human genome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 2.4.1 The identification of human disease genes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 2.4.2 The Human Genome Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 2.4.3 Mapping the human genome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 2.5 Functional genomics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 2.5.1 Annotation of the human genome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 2.5.2 Proteomics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 2.5.3 Transcriptomics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 2.5.4 Gene regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 2.5.5 Bioinformatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 2.6 The genomes of other organisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 2.6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 2.6.2 The pathogen genome project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 2.6.3 The genomics of disease vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 2.6.4 The genomes of the worm, fruitfly, yeast and various animals . . . . .39 2.6.5 The central importance of the mouse genome project . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 2.6.6 Plant genomics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 2.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 3. The Potential of Genomics for Health Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 3.2 Monogenic disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 3.3 Communicable disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 3.4 Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 3.5 Complex multifactorial disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 3.6 Developmental abnormalities and mental retardation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 3.7 Ageing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .