World Health Organization Publication : 9241590319: Coverage of Selected Health Services for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care in Less Developed Countries in 2001

By Tois Turmen

Book Id: WPLBN0000212011
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 0.3 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization Publication : 9241590319: Coverage of Selected Health Services for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care in Less Developed Countries in 2001
Author:	Tois Turmen
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Turmen, T. (n.d.). World Health Organization Publication : 9241590319. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
HIV/AIDS is the most far-reaching and damaging epidemic the world has ever seen. Within a single generation, it has grown into an individual and societal tragedy with huge implications for human security, for social and political stability and for economic development. Originally viewed as just another disease, HIV/AIDS has long since moved beyond the boundaries of the health system. It is now generally acknowledged that addressing the pandemic requires concerted efforts across all sectors involving a wide array of actors. Nevertheless, the health sector must remain central to all efforts to halt transmission of HIV and to mitigate its impact. The health sector can play a unique role in delivering prevention and care interventions through a range of health services and can use varied entry points for reaching out to people in need. Following the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS in June 2001, Member States and development partners committed themselves to a wide-ranging and ambitious programme of action to address the pandemic. Many of the actions needed are specific to the health sector. As a first step in meeting these commitments, assessing the current coverage of essential health sector prevention and care interventions is essential. This is needed as a baseline for monitoring future progress. This report presents the results of the first such assessment, undertaken in 2001–2002. It covers 69 countries, including most low- and middle-income countries with more than 10 000 people living with HIV/AIDS in 2001. The information was collected by national and regional consultants who contacted the people most knowledgeable about these services in each country. Most respondents were officials of national AIDS programmes. They provided service statistics when available and also indicated their best estimate of the coverage of services by geographical region within their countries. WHO collected information about blood screening and tuberculosis treatment through separate studies. The numbers of people living with HIV and the numbers of deaths from AIDS are based on the UNAIDS/WHO estimates published biannually. Much work remains to be done with the definitions of coverage, access and utilization that have been used and with the quality of the information provided by the respondents. Once the methods have been refined further, this approach is expected to permit a baseline to be established from which scaling up needs to happen and against which future progress can be measured. WHO hopes that issuing this assessment will stimulate further discussion of methods and thus lead to improvements in future exercises. WHO will also continue to work with its many partners at the national and global levels to further triangulate and consolidate the country-specific information.

Table of Contents
CONTENTS Executive summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iv Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v 1. The challenge of HIV/AIDS and the response to the epidemic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 International commitment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Comprehensive national programmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Coverage goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 2. Measuring the response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Purpose of this study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 3. Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Voluntary counselling and testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Preventing mother-to-child transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Antiretroviral therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Care and treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Prophylaxis against opportunistic infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Blood safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 The DOTS strategy for controlling tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Annex 1. HIV/AIDS provided in 2001 according to member state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Annex 2. Estimated percentage of the population in need that received HIV/AIDS services in 2001 according to member state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Annex 3. Countries included in the study according to region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 iii