Acyl Peroxy Nitrate Measurements During the Photochemical Smog Season in Beijing, China : Volume 11, Issue 3 (30/03/2011)

By Xu, Z.

Book Id: WPLBN0003980552
Format Type: PDF Article :
File Size: Pages 39
Reproduction Date: 2015

Title:	Acyl Peroxy Nitrate Measurements During the Photochemical Smog Season in Beijing, China : Volume 11, Issue 3 (30/03/2011)
Author:	Xu, Z.
Volume:	Vol. 11, Issue 3
Language:	English
Subject:	Science, Atmospheric, Chemistry
Collections:	Periodicals: Journal and Magazine Collection, Copernicus GmbH
Historic Publication Date:	2011
Publisher:	Copernicus Gmbh, Göttingen, Germany

Member Page:	Copernicus Publications
Citation APA MLA Chicago Hu, M., Zhang, J., Yang, G., & Xu, Z. (2011). Acyl Peroxy Nitrate Measurements During the Photochemical Smog Season in Beijing, China : Volume 11, Issue 3 (30/03/2011). Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Description: Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Control, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. In situ measurements of acyl peroxy nitrates (PANs), including peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN), and peroxymethacryloyl nitrate (MPAN), were conducted using a gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) system during the photochemical smog season in Beijing, China. The maximum mixing ratios were 17.81, 2.48, and 0.27 ppbv for PAN, PPN, and MPAN, respectively. During the measurement period, PAN levels twice exceeded the maximum recommended mixing ratio established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Average ratios of PAN/PPN, PAN/MPAN, and PPN/MPAN were 7.41, 47.65, and 6.91, respectively. The average ratio of PAN/O₃ (0.15) in Beijing was significantly higher than those in other areas studied. The frequencies of PANs showed both Gaussian and Weibull modes of distribution. Wind direction was closely related to PAN variation. Anthropogenic sources played an important role in PAN formation, as estimated from PPN and MPAN levels. Relative humidity (RH) and total particle surface area were related with the heterogeneous reactions of PANs with surface concentrations of particulate matter ≤10 μm in diameter.

Summary
Acyl peroxy nitrate measurements during the photochemical smog season in Beijing, China

Excerpt
Altshuller, A. P.: Assessment of contribution of chemical species to eye irritation potential of photo-chemical smog, J. Air Poll. Control Assoc., 28, 594–598, 1978.; Altshuller, A. P.: PANs in the atmosphere, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 43, 1221–1230, 1993.; An, X., Zhu, T., Wang, Z., Li, C., and Wang, Y.: A modeling analysis of a heavy air pollution episode occurred in Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3103–3114, doi:10.5194/acp-7-3103-2007, 2007.; Bottenheim, J. W., Sirios, A., Brice, K. A., and Gallant, A. J.: Five years of continuous observations of PAN and ozone at a rural location in eastern Canada, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 5333–5352, 1994.; Cape, J. N.: Effects of airborne volatile organic compounds on plants. Environ, Pollution, 122, 145–157, 2003.; Carter, W. P. L., Tuazon, E. C., Winer, A. M., and Pitts, J. N.: Gas-phase reactions of n,n-dimethylhydrazine with ozone and NO_x in simulated atmospheres: facile formation of n-nitrosodimethylamine, ACS Symp. Ser., 174, 117–131, 1981.; Chang, S. Y. and Tso, T. L.: Measurement of the Taiwan Ambient Trace Gas Concentration by Kilometer-Pathlength Fourier-Transform Infrared-Spectroscopy, Anal. Sci., 10, 193–201, 1994.; Darley, E. F., Stephens, E. R., and Kettner, K. A.: Analysis of peroxyacetyl nitrates by gas chromatography with electron capture detection, Anal. Chem., 35, 589–591, 1963.; Ding, A. J., Wang, T., Thouret, V., Cammas, J.-P., and Nédélec, P.: Tropospheric ozone climatology over Beijing: analysis of aircraft data from the MOZAIC program, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1–13, doi:10.5194/acp-8-1-2008, 2008.; Duan, J. C., Tan, J. H., Yang, L., Wu, S., and Hao, J. M.: Concentration, sources and ozone formation potential of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during ozone episode in Beijing, Atmos. Res., 88, 25–35, 2008.; Finlayson-Pitts, B. J. and Pitts, J. N.: Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 256–257, 2000.; Gaffney, J. S. and Marley, N. A.: Potential changes in atmospheric chemistry in the decades ahead: climate and biosphere interactions and feedbacks. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Precipitation Scavenging and Atmospheric Surface Exchange Processes, Richland, WA, July 15–19, 1991.; Gaffney, J. S. and Marley, N. A.: Comment on Environmental implications on the oxygenation of gasoline with ethanol in the metropolitan area of Mexico City., Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 4957–4958, 2001a.; Gaffney, J. S. and Marley, N. A.: Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN): historical perspective. 81st AMS Annual Meeting. A Millennium Symposium on Atmospheric Chemistry Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 14–19, 2001b.; Gaffney, J. S. Marley, N. A., Cunningham, M. M., and Doskey P. V.: Measurements of peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs) in Mexico City: implications for megacity air quality impacts on regional scales, Atmos. Environ., 33, 5003–5012, 1999.; Glavas, S. and Moschonas, N.: Determination of PAN, PPN, PnBN and selected pentyl nitrates in Athens, Greece, Atmos. Environ., 35, 5467–5475, 2001.; Grosjean, D.: Ambient PAN and PPN in southern California from 1960 to the SCOS97-NARSTO. Conference Information: 1997 Southern California Ozone Study (SCOS97-NARSTO) Data Analysis Conference, Los Angeles, CA, Feb. 13–15, 2001, Atmos. Environ., 37, S221–S238, 2003.; Grosjean, D., Williams, E. L., and Grosjean, E.: A biogenic precursor of peroxypropionyl nitrate: atmospheric oxidation of cis-3-hexen-1-o1., Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 979–981, 1993.; Grosjean, E. and Grosjean, D.: The reaction of unsaturated aliphatic oxygenates with ozone, J. Atmos. Chem., 32, 205–232, 1999.; Grosjean, E., Grosjean, D., Fraser, M. P., and Cass, G. R.: Air quality model evaluation data for organics. 3. Peroxyacetyl nitrate and peroxypropionyl nitrate in Los Angeles air, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 2704–2714, 1996.; Grosjean, E., Grosjean, D.