This is a transcription of a lecture given by Walter Rodney on 12 October 1968 at the Congress of Black Writers in Montreal, Canada. The original audiotape of the lecture and the others from the 1968 Congress of Black Writers are in the possession of the Alfie Roberts Institute, Montreal, Canada. They were entrusted to David Austin by the late Alfie Roberts in 1995. Before his untimely death in July 1996, Roberts and Austin were in the process of preparing the speeches f...

From: The Che Reader, Ocean Press, 2003.

Address delivered to the first Tricontinental Conference of the Peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America held in Havana in January, 1966.

Nelson Mandela's statement from the dock at the opening of the defence case in the Rivonia Trial, Pretoria Supreme Court, 20 April 1964.

From Schoultz, Lars. That Infernal Little Cuban Republic : The United States and the Cuban Revolution, University of North Carolina Press, 2009.

Even the Women Must Fight: Memories of War from North Vietnam is an excellent book detailing the contributions of Vietnamese women fighting for the independencce of their nation. Below is a few selections from the book.

I was born in Thai Binh province. My family were farmers. In 1948 my father was killed in the French War. My mother was with child when he died and she raised us four children alone. In 1968 I volunteered to be a people's soldier, bo doi, and I spent five years in the field during the most terrible time of the war. Why? Four people in my family died when the Americans bombed the Hanoi suburbs. I was angry and I believed that what men could do, I could do too. Life was ha...

Reproduced from Wretched of the Earth (1959) publ. Pelican. Speech to Congress of Black African Writers, 1959

Born in 1890 in Vietnam under French colonialism to a committed nationalist father, Ho Chi Minh would grow up to lead not one, but two successful wars of independence to liberate his country. In his formative years, Ho traveled widely as a sailor and lived in Paris, Harlem, and Boston, where he worked as a cook, baker, and did menial jobs. In his travels, he made contact with other colonized people, communists and nationalists, and saw the Vietnamese under France as part...

Lamine Senghor was an early Senegalese nationalist. Born in Kaolack, Senegal in 1889, he served in the French Army between 1915 and 1919 and returned to Paris in 1922. Senghor joined the French Communist Party and ran as a ran as Communist Party candidate in the Paris local elections in 1924. Nonetheless he remained committed to an independent Senegal. In 1927, shortly before his death in Paris he articulated that commitment in a speech before the conference of the Leagu...

"The Roosevelt Corollary," a statement of president Theodore Roosevelt, was renewal of the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe doctrine of 1823 informed Europe that the United States held that the rest of the Americas could only be colonized by the United States.

Luzviminda Francisco, "The First Vietnam: The Philippine-American War of 1899," Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars 5, no.4 (December 1973): 2- 16.

Letter of protest to U.S. general William R. Shafter, July 17, 1898

Black Elk, "The End of the Dream" (1932). First printed in Black Elk, Black Elk Speaks (New York William Morrow & Company, 1932). Reprinted as Black Elk, Black Elk Speaks: Being the Lift Story of a Holy Man of the Oglala Sioux: As Told Through John G. Neihardy (Flaming Rainbow) (New York: Pocket Books/Bison Books, 1972), pp. 224-30.

Source: From the Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1891, volume 1, pages 179-181. Extracts from verbatim stenographic report of council held by delegations of Sioux with Commissioner of Indian Affairs, at Washington, February 11, 1891.

"We Would Rather Have Died," Chief Standing Bear ( 1879)

Chief Joseph's Surrender (October 5, 1877). Quoted in "The Surrender of Joseph" Harpers Weekly, vol. 21 (Whole no. 1090) (November 17, 1877), p. 906. Chief Joseph Recounts His Trip to Washington, D.C. (1879). Quoted in Chester Anders Fee, Chief Joseph: The Biography of a Great Indian (New York Wilson-Erickson, Inc., 1936), pp. 281-83.

Miguel Barragan, Dispatch on Texas Colonists (October 31, 1835). From a letter signed by Jose Maria Tornel, Miguel Barragan's secretary of war. Quoted in General Miguel A. Santhez Lamego, The Siege and Taking of the Alamo, trans. Consuelo Velasco (Santa Fe: The Press of The Territorian, 1968), pp. 14-15- From the Historical Archives of the Secretary of National Defense, File XI/481.3/1145.

Black Hawk's Surrender Speech, 1832.

Cherokee Phoenix and Indians Advocate, Wednesday, January 20, 1830, Vol. II, no. 40, Page 1, col. 3a-5b.

Tecumseh's Speech to the Osages (Winter 1811-12)