The topics discussed in this book are Int-soft semigroup, Int-soft left (right) ideal, Int-soft (generalized) bi-ideal, Int-soft quasi-ideal, Int-soft interior ideal, Int-soft left (right) duo semigroup, starshaped (∈, ∈∨ qk)-fuzzy set, quasi-starshaped (∈, ∈∨ qk)-fuzzy set, semidetached mapping, semidetached semigroup, (∈, ∈ ∨qk)-fuzzy subsemi-group, (qk, ∈ ∨qk)-fuzzy subsemigroup, (∈, ∈ ∨ qk)-fuzzy subsemigroup, (qk, ∈ ∨ qk)-fuzzy subsemigroup, (∈ ∨ qk, ∈ ∨ qk)-fuzzy s...

In this book authors introduce the new notion of MOD rectangular planes. The functions on them behave very differently when compared to MOD planes (square). These are different from the usual MOD planes. Algebraic structures on these MOD rectangular planes are defined and developed. These semigroups have special and distinct features. Certainly these finite structures can find applications in several important problems related to automaton theory. The authors also mentio...

In this book authors for the first time introduce the new notion of special subset vertex subgraph of subset vertex graphs. These subset vertex graphs takes the vertex set values from the power set P(X) of any set X. The main speciality of these subset vertex graphs is that once a set of subsets from P(X) is given, the edges of the graph are fixed in a unique way, so for a given collection of subset vertices the graph is always unique. The special subset vertex subgraphs...

In this book authors for the first time introduce the notion of subset vertex graph using the vertex set as the subset of the power set P(S), S is assumed in this book to be finite; however it can be finite or infinite. Theey have defined two types of subset vertex graphs, one is directed and the other one is not directed. The most important fact which must be kept in record is that for a given set of vertices there exists one and only one subset vertex graph be it of ty...

In this book authors study special type of subset vertex multi subgraphs; these multi subgraphs can be directed or otherwise. Another special feature of these subset vertex multigraphs is that we are aware of the elements in each vertex set and how it affects the structure of both subset vertex multisubgraphs and edge multisubgraphs. It is pertinent to record at this juncture that certain ego centric directed multistar graphs become empty on the removal of one edge, ther...

The purpose of writing this book is to suggest some improved estimators using auxiliary information in sampling schemes like simple random sampling, systematic sampling and stratified random sampling. This volume is a collection of five papers, written by nine co-authors (listed in the order of the papers): Rajesh Singh, Mukesh Kumar, Manoj Kr. Chaudhary, Cem Kadilar, Prayas Sharma, Florentin Smarandache, Anil Prajapati, Hemant Verma, and Viplav Kr. Singh. In first...

The present book aims to present some improved estimators using auxiliary and attribute information in case of simple random sampling and stratified random sampling and in some cases when non-response is present. The first and the second papers deal with the problem of estimating the finite population mean when some information on two auxiliary attributes are available. In the third paper, problems related to estimation of ratio and product of two population mean using...

The main aim of the present book is to suggest some improved estimators using auxiliary and attribute information in case of simple random sampling and stratified random sampling and some inventory models related to capacity constraints. This volume is a collection of six papers, written by five co-authors (listed in the order of the papers): Dr. Rajesh Singh, Dr. Sachin Malik, Dr. Florentin Smarandache, Dr. Neeraj Kumar, Mr. Sanjey Kumar & Pallavi Agarwal. In the...

The future can only be the Spiral Neutrosophic Evolution: - from inferior () to superior () [evolution], - and back [involution] to an inferior and superior melange (), - and over time we encounter stagnation (no evolution, no involution) or uncertainty (if it is evolution or involution) [indetermination] ... and so on, in a spiral. Therefore: evolution / involution / indetermination at a level; followed by another similar cycle: evolution / involution / indetermin...

Neutrosophic Sociology (or Neutrosociology) is the study of sociology using neutrosophic scientific methods. The huge social data that we face in sociology is full of indeterminacy: it is vague, incomplete, contradictory, hybrid, biased, ignorant, redundant, superfluous, meaningless, ambiguous, unclear, etc. That’s why the neutrosophic sciences (which deal with indeterminacy), through the process of neutrosophication, are involved, such as: neutrosophy (a new branch of...

Neutropsyche is the psychological theory that studies the soul or spirit using the neutrosophy and neutrosohic theories. Neutropsychic Personality is a neutrosophic dynamic open psychological system of tendencies to feel, think, and act specific to each individual. Neutrosophic Refined Memory: that restructured the division of memory into: consciousness, aconsciousness (which we introduce as a blend of consciousness and unconsciousness), and unconsciousness. In Neutrosop...

En el desarrollo de este capítulo vamos a definir ciertos conceptos principales de la teoría de conjuntos, los cuales son primordiales para la comprensión de este tema. La teoría de conjuntos es una rama de las matemáticas, y cuya dedicación de este capítulo, es gracias al matemático, Ferdinand Ludwing Philipp Cantor, quien es considerado el padre de la Teoría de Conjuntos, debido a ello, es que, en el año 1874, salió su primer trabajo revolucionario, con respecto a l...

El concepto estratégico de muchos modelos de gestión pública está basados en un futuro conexo. Bajo esta perspectiva se podría intentar atrapar al futuro como previsión de los resultados, delinear acciones eficaces, efectivas, proactivas y unívocas. Pero el mañana en la administración pública es el resultado de procesos emergentes, de escenarios inciertos que dependen de la conjunción de variables inestables que rompen con la tradicional certidumbre y desacomoda la actua...

The life of human beings is a place of communication. Consequently, any cognitive and cogitative manifestation presents a route of communication. People consume their lives relating by communicational. Some communicational relationships are contradictory, others are neutral, since within the manifestations of life there are found conflicts meanings and/or neutral meanings. Communicational relations always comprise a set of neutral, neutrosophic meanings. Particularly, we...

Communication is the main way of defusing uncertainties. Unfortunately, communication discipline itself is mined by uncertainties. We can talk about onto-epistemological uncertainties and pragmatic uncertainties of communication, about theoretical and practical uncertainties, and about primary and secondary uncertainties of communication. Uncertainties regarding the object of communication as autonomous discipline, the research methods of communication, the sources, para...

Our thesis is that communication has several sources. Some may be considered as main sources or constitutive sources from which communication springs, and others may be considered as secondary or complementary sources of communication. We can thus acknowledge eight main sources of communication: rhetoric, persuasion, psychology, sociology, anthropology, semiotics, linguistics and political science. Rhetoric is the first and oldest discipline which studied certain communi...

This book is a collection of six papers on Communication interpreted in a neutrosophic key, written by the editors (Florentin Smarandache, Bianca Teodorescu and Mirela Teodorescu) and other academics (Daniela Gîfu, Alice Ionescu, Simina Badea, Mădălina Strechie and Mihaela-Gabriela Păun), discussing about scientific uncertainty and argumentative employment of paradox, examining the neutrosophic role of the translator and the neutrality in legal translation, investigating...

Marginalii la o dragoste care poate fi, dar poate să nu fie, vrea să fie şi dă să fie, dar nu ajunge (încă) la împlinire, o dragoste care era să fie cândva şi, totodată, stă să fie, fără obligativitatea de a deveni… Flor este bărbatul la maturitate, înflorind prin dragoste. Erato este muza poeziei şi erosului, împrumutându-şi numele din mitologie, dar evadând din aceasta pentru a deveni femeia senzuală care se înfloreşte pe sine şi înfloreşte bărbatul căruia i se dăruie…

Flor&Erato, o nouă producţie literară a prolificului Florentin Smarandache, este, la prima suprafaţă, o poveste erotică virtuală, creionată prin două procedee tehnice: dialogul epistolar (“Scrisori prin zid”) şi mesajul electronic (“Dialoguri întârziate”). Titlurile celor două capitole sugerează barierele (insurmontabile?!) ale consumării dorinţei (strict erotice?!): distanţa (spaţială) şi tardivitatea (re)întâlnirii protagoniştilor. Aflăm chiar din debutul schimbului ep...

In this book, the author drops down from the attic a couple of ghosts: a series of characters, mythical events, historical facts, citations, references in a stunning intertextual mixture. As a pretense, he takes Lancelot from England and Layla from Iran, and make them fall in love in an Aztec legend, depicted in verses. This compositum goes further, as the author follows the characters in time and space (or in multi-dimensions), hacks their emails, and eventually eavesdr...

Prozele scurte din acest volum, re-unite sub titlul Cu mâinile în buzunare cusute, desenează conflicte între existenţă şi esenţă, proiectând stări de impas, aporii ale identităţii și parabole ale comunicării. 1-0(?) este o satiră despre fotbal și aranjamentele - în favoarea unor anume echipe sau jucători - care se produceau intens în perioada socialistă, dominată de falsitate, mistificare şi culpă. Gioní discută complexe adolescen-tine ale unor făpturi cu statut i...