Technical Support Document : Control of Emissions of Hazardous Air Pollutants from Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Fuels

By Environmental Protection Agency

Book Id: WPLBN0000000501
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 0.6 MB
Reproduction Date: 2007

Title:	Technical Support Document : Control of Emissions of Hazardous Air Pollutants from Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Fuels
Author:	Environmental Protection Agency
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Ecology, Natural resource issues, Environemtal protection
Collections:	Environmental Awareness Library Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	United States Environmental Protection Agency


Citation APA MLA Chicago Agency, E. P. (n.d.). Technical Support Document : Control of Emissions of Hazardous Air Pollutants from Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Fuels. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Excerpt: Executive Summary: Today’s action addresses emissions of hazardous air pollutants from mobile sources and their fuels. In this action, we identify those compounds that should be considered Mobile Source Air Toxics (MSATs), and examine the mobile source contribution to national inventories of these compounds and the impacts of existing and newly promulgated mobile source control programs. We also evaluate whether additional mobile source air toxics controls are technologically feasible at this time, and set new gasoline toxic emission performance standards which require refiners to maintain current levels of overcompliance with RFG and anti-dumping toxic emission performance requirements. Because the technology-forcing standards found in our Tier 2 motor vehicle emissions standards and gasoline sulfur control requirements (Tier 2) and our proposed heavy-duty engine and vehicle standards and on-highway diesel fuel sulfur control requirements (HD2007) would represent the greatest degree of toxics control achievable for vehicles and engines at this time, we do not set additional vehicle-based air toxics controls. Finally, because of our concern about potential health impacts of public exposure to air toxics, today’s action establishes a process to continue to conduct research and analysis on mobile source air toxics. Based on the information developed through this research, we will conduct a future rulemaking, to be completed no later than July 1, 2004, in which we will revisit the feasibility and need for additional controls under 202(l)(2).

Table of Contents
Table of Contents Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 List of Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Chapter 1: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 A. Roadmap of This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 B. Brief Overview of Air Toxics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 C. Other Air Toxics Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1. Motor Vehicle Air Toxics Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2. Integrated Urban Air Toxics Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3. National Air Toxics Assessment Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4. Urban Air Toxics Reports to Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5. Air Toxics Research Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 D. Description of Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 1. Mobile Source Control Programs and the Clean Air Act . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2. Passenger Car Tailpipe Emission Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3. Heavy-Duty Truck Tailpipe Emission Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 4. Emission Control Programs for Buses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5. Evaporative Emission Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 6. Fuel Control Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 A. The Methodology Used to Identify Our List of Mobile Source Air Toxics . . . . . 35 B. How we Applied the Methodology to Identify our List of Mobile Sources Air Toxics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 1. Identifying Pollutants Emitted from Mobile Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2. Using IRIS to Identify Pollutants with Potential Serious Adverse Health Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 3. List of Mobile Source Air Toxics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Chapter 3: Health Effects of Mobile Source Air Toxics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 A . Acetaldehyde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 B. Acrolein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 C. Arsenic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 D. Benzene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 E. 1,3-Butadiene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 F. Chromium Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 G. Dioxin/Furans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 H. Diesel Exhaust: Diesel Particulate Matter and