World Health Organization : Year 1996 ; World Health Organization, Family and Reproductive Health, Women's Health and Development Programme, No. 96.10: Female Genital Mutilatio

By World Health Organization

Book Id: WPLBN0000070338
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 1.9 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization : Year 1996 ; World Health Organization, Family and Reproductive Health, Women's Health and Development Programme, No. 96.10: Female Genital Mutilatio
Author:	World Health Organization
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Organization, W. H. (n.d.). World Health Organization : Year 1996 ; World Health Organization, Family and Reproductive Health, Women's Health and Development Programme, No. 96.10. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
1 INTRODUCTION A Technical Working Group on Female Genital Mutilation met in Gencva from 17 to 19 July 1995. Opening the meeling on behalf of the Director-General, Dr T. Tiitmen, Director, Division of Family Health, affirmed that WHO recognizes that female genital mutilation - the partial or total removal of or injury to the external female genitalia performed for non-therapeutic reasons - in addition to causing pain and suffering, represents a serious health hazard for women. and is a violation of internationally accepted human rights. WHO condemns all forms of female genital mutilation and calls for the abolition of the practice. WHO also states unequivocally that no form of female genital mutilation should be practised by any health professional in any setting, including hospitals and other health establishments

Table of Contents
CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Objectives of the Technical Working Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 Female genital mutilation practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 Geographical distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2 Proposed definition and classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 PHYSICAL CONSEQUENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.1 Short-term complications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2 Long-term complications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 3.3 Association of female genital mutilation with its health consequences . . . . . . . 9 4 SEXUAL. MENTAL AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.1 Sexual consequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.1.1 Functions of the female external genitalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.1.2 Effects of mutilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.2 Mental and social consequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 0 5 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 5.1 Principles to guide research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 5.2 Collection of baseline information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 1 5.3 Intervention research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.3.1 Sociobehavioural research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.3.2 Clinical and rehabilitation research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.4 Monitoring and evaluation of interventions and programmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6 FFWvEWORK FOR ACTIVITIES: LESSONS LEARNED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6.1 Breaking the silence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.3 6.2 Raising awareness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.4 6.3 Providing information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6.4 Advocacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14. 6.5 Enhancing women's views of themselves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 5 6.6 Involving policy-makers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6.7 Involving nongovernmental organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 6.8 Involving the community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 6.9 Female genital mutilation in immigrant communities in Western countries . . . . 16 7 RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 7.1 Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.7 7.2 Advocacy and information, education and communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 7.3 Nati.o n. al policies and legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 9 7.4 Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .