World Health Organization : Year 1997 ; World Health Organization, Food Safety Unit, Food Aid Programmes Unit, No. 97.1: Protecting and Promoting the Health and Nutrition of Mothers and Children Through Supplementary Feeding

By World Health Organization

Book Id: WPLBN0000088342
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 1.9 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization : Year 1997 ; World Health Organization, Food Safety Unit, Food Aid Programmes Unit, No. 97.1: Protecting and Promoting the Health and Nutrition of Mothers and Children Through Supplementary Feeding
Author:	World Health Organization
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Organization, W. H. (n.d.). World Health Organization : Year 1997 ; World Health Organization, Food Safety Unit, Food Aid Programmes Unit, No. 97.1. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
1. INTRODUCTION Hunger and malnutrition persist in spite of important achievements in agricultural productivity and economic growth (1,2,3). Chronic hunger, which is largely found in low-income food-deficit countries (LTFDCs), results from continuous inadequate food intake and is perpetuated by poverty. Malnutrition, which results from a combination of inadequate food, ill health and inadequate care, primarily affects the more vulnerable in a household, namely women and children. Poor maternal nutrition results in low birth weight (LBW) infants who are at higher risk of growth retardation during childhood and adolescence, and thus perpetuatcs the cycle of malnutrition across generations.

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.......................................1 1 2 . THE INTERGENEUTION CYCLE OF MALNUTRITION .AN OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1. . . 2.1 Malnutrition: Magnitude and Causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1. 2.1.1 Magnitude of malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1. Malnutrition is widespread among children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 There are interregional and intercountly differences in the nature and magnitude of childhood malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 The prevalence of different forms of malnutrition varies among children of different age groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. Micronutrient malnutrition, specifically of iron, vitamin A, and iodine is even more widespread than protein-energy malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.1.2 Factors contributing to malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 About 841 million people (20% of developing countries' populations) are hungry (food-energy deficiency) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3. Hunger and ill-health are closely interrelated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 The synergistic relationship between child malnutrition and care is increasingly recognized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. 2.2 The Cycle of Malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6. 2.2.1 Malnutrition is transmitted across generations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 2.2.2 Hhousehold food insecurity is perpetuated across generations . . . . . . . . . . .6 2.3 Interventions: Supplementary Feeding Programmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7. 3 . SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING: REVIEW OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH ... 3.1 Supplementary Feeding of Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 Long-term effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Psycho-social development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Work perfomance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2 Immediate effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GMroorwbrt.hd l..t y. ...................................................................................................... Wider coverage of child health services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3 Factors determining the effectiveness of supplementary feeding . . . . . . . . Targeting by age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Targeting by nutritional status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nutritional value and duration of supplementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food distribution strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Integration of supplementary feeding into MCH services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nutrition and health education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Supplementary Feeding of Pregnant Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1 Long-term effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.2 lmmediate effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .