World Health Organization : Year 1993 ; World Health Organization, Family Health, Maternal and Newborn Health-Safe Motherhood, No. 93.5: Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood Programme Prevention and Mana Gement of Severe Anaemia in Pregnan

By P. W. J. Van Dongen

Book Id: WPLBN0000101637
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 1.6 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization : Year 1993 ; World Health Organization, Family Health, Maternal and Newborn Health-Safe Motherhood, No. 93.5: Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood Programme Prevention and Mana Gement of Severe Anaemia in Pregnan
Author:	P. W. J. Van Dongen
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago J. Van Donge, P. W. (n.d.). World Health Organization : Year 1993 ; World Health Organization, Family Health, Maternal and Newborn Health-Safe Motherhood, No. 93.5. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
PREFACE About half a million women die each year following conlplications of pregnancy and childbirth, and many times that number suffer ill-health or disability.' Many of these deaths could be prevented through properly organized primary health care and accessible referral facilities. The great majority (99%) of niatcc~rald eaths occur in developing countries. In response to the enormiry of rhe problem, the Safe Motherhood Initiative (SMI), an intcragency effort lo reduce maternal mortality and rnorb~dity, was launched in 1987. Its target is to reduce levels of maternal deaths by at least half by the year 2000 and to ach~eve substantial reductions in maternal morbidirv. Most of the necessary knowle,dge and technology ro achieve this reduction are already available. What is ~rrissing in many of the devcloping countries i s the ability to put this knowledge into practice. In order to be ablc to provide more effective s~pponto developing counties, WHO has been holding a series of meetings and consultations with experts on a varicty of topics relating to maternal health. The aim is ro review current knowledge and experience on high priority topics, produce managerial and clinical guidelines, and recommend necdcd epidemiological and operational research. Reports of such meetings include Essenrinl ohslerric functions ut$rst referrul level; Prevention nnd trealment of obstetric jistuIne.-' Prevention i~wd nlnnugrtnerlr of postpartum haemrnrrl~u~e,~ and Detecting pre-eclamrjsiu.s

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................1 PREVALENCE OF ANAEMIA 1N PKEGNANCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 CAUSES OF ANAEMIA IN PREGNANCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . . 5.1 Iron deficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5.2 Hookworm. .in fection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 5.3 Folate deficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.4 Malaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.5 Sickle cell disease (SCD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.6 Human in~rnur~odeficiencvyi n~s(1 -liV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 DIAGNOSIS AND ASSESSMENT 01' ANAEMIA 1N PREGNANCY . . . . . . . 8 6.1 Screening tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6.2 Methods for assessing the degrcc of anaemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6.3 Diagriosis of the cause of anaemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 PREVENTION AND TREAI'MXNI' OF ANAEMIA IN PREGNANCY (GENERA1. PRINCIPLES) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 2 7.1 Supplementation with iron and Folate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7.2 Compliance to oral supplementalinr~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7.3 Dietary modificatiorl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.4 7.4 Food fortification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 4 7.5 Malaria control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 4 7.6 Control of ottlcr parasitic infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 STRATEGIES FOR OVERCOMING CURRENT CONSTRAINI'S 'SO ANAEMIA PREVENTION PROGRAMMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 X .1 lmprove central rnanagcrncnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 5 8.2 Provide a regular supply of appropriate drugs to antenatal clinics . . . . . 15 8.3 Adecluately train antcnntal staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 8.4 Ir~crcasec ompliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 8.5 Establish colitiict with womer~ who do not attend antenatal clinics . . . . . 16 8.6 Corlduct proper programme assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 7 8.7 Set I-ealistic goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 7 8.8 Look for anaemia-causing fi~ctursin antenatti1 clinics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17