World Health Organization : Technical Report Series, No. 335: World Health Organization Technical Report Series, No. 335 ; World Health Organization Expert Committee on Onchocerciasis

By B. O. L. Duke

Book Id: WPLBN0000114840
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 4.2 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization : Technical Report Series, No. 335: World Health Organization Technical Report Series, No. 335 ; World Health Organization Expert Committee on Onchocerciasis
Author:	B. O. L. Duke
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago L. Duk, B. O. (n.d.). World Health Organization : Technical Report Series, No. 335. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
INTRODUCTION In the years that have elapsed since the first WHO Expert Committee on Onchocerciasis was convened in 1953,l not only has the disease been discovered in new foci, but there has been a growing awareness of its serious adverse effects on public health and economy. Authorities are more and more concerned over the fact that some of the most fertile valleys in tropical Africa are infested by Sirnulium flies and consequently are being abandoned by riverine populations plagued by skin and eye diseases. The presence of Simuliu7n flies and the fear of onchocercal blindness are, more often than not, threatening the implementation of the vast irrigation and dam-building projects on which the future agricultural and industrial production of developing countries depends. Furthermore, it is realized that, unless these water-resource development schemes are well planned, they may provide ideal conditions for the breeding of the fly vectors and result in the spread of onchocerciasis among the great concentrations of migrant labour that would be required on such projects.

Table of Contents
CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 1. Epidemiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 1 . 1 Geographical distribution of the infection and vector species 1.2 Environmental factors influencing vector distribution and transmission of disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 1.3 Human host factors in relation to transnlission and morbidity 12 1.4 Assessment methods and techniques . . . . . . . . . . .15 2 . Public health and economic importance of onchocerciasis . . . . .25 2.1 Disabling effects caused by onchocerciasis . . . . . . . . .25 2.2 Onchocerciasis and economic development . . . . . . . . .26 3 . Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 3.1 Vector control methods and techniques . . . . . . . . . . .28 3.2 Chemotherapy and other clinical methods . . . . . . . . .32 3.3 Combined methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 3.4 Planning and organization of control programmes . . . . . .41 4. Research needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 4.1 Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 4.2 Epidemiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 4.3 Clinical and ophthalmological investigations . .47 . . . . . . 4.4 Chemotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 4.5 Immunology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 4.6 Helminthology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 5 . Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Annex 1 . Entomological needs in onchocerciasis control : report on an informal meeting of WHO advisers . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Annex 2 . The recognition of O~tchocerca volvtrltrs larvae in Simuliidae 79 Annex 3 . Suggested technique for determining 011clzocerca volrlrlirs microfilariae by skin snips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Annex 4 . Record forms for onchocerciasis surveys . . . . . . . . . 92