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Guidelines for Neurotoxicity Risk Assessment

By Environmental Protection Agency

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Book Id: WPLBN0000126496
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 0.2 MB
Reproduction Date: 2007

Title: Guidelines for Neurotoxicity Risk Assessment  
Author: Environmental Protection Agency
Volume:
Language: English
Subject: Ecology, Natural resource issues, Environemtal protection
Collections: Environmental Awareness Library Collection
Historic
Publication Date:
Publisher: United States Environmental Protection Agency

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APA MLA Chicago

Agency, E. P. (n.d.). Guidelines for Neurotoxicity Risk Assessment. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/


Description
Excerpt: This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

Table of Contents
CONTENTS Part A: Guidelines for Neurotoxicity Risk Assessment List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.1. Organization of These Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.2. The Role of Environmental Agents in Neurotoxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.3. Neurotoxicity Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.4. Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2. Definitions and Critical Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3. Hazard Characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.1. Neurotoxicological Studies: Endpoints and Their Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.1.1. Human Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.1.1.1. Clinical Evaluations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 3.1.1.2. Case Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.1.1.3. Epidemiologic Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3.1.1.4. Human Laboratory Exposure Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 3.1.2. Animal Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3.1.2.1. Structural Endpoints of Neurotoxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 3.1.2.2. Neurophysiological Endpoints of Neurotoxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3.1.2.3. Neurochemical Endpoints of Neurotoxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 3.1.2.4. Behavioral Endpoints of Neurotoxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 3.1.3. Other Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 3.1.3.1. Pharmacokinetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 3.1.3.2. Comparisons of Molecular Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 3.1.3.3. Statistical Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 3.1.3.4. In Vitro Data in Neurotoxicology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 3.1.3.5. Neuroendocrine Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 3.2. Dose-Response Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 3.3. Characterization of the Health-Related Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 4. Quantitative Dose-Response Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 4.1. LOAEL/NOAEL and BMD Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 4.2. Determination of the Reference Dose or Reference Concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 5. Exposure Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

 
 



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