World Health Organization : Year 2004 ; The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases Str Seb St, No. 04.1: Community Participation and Tropical Disease Control in Resource-Poor Settings

By World Health Organization

Book Id: WPLBN0000168648
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 0.3 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization : Year 2004 ; The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases Str Seb St, No. 04.1: Community Participation and Tropical Disease Control in Resource-Poor Settings
Author:	World Health Organization
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Organization, W. H. (n.d.). World Health Organization : Year 2004 ; The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases Str Seb St, No. 04.1. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
1 INTRODUCTION In 1975, the Executive Board of the World Health Organization and the World Health Assembly called for an international conference to address the conspicuous inequalities in health and health services between countries (World Health Organization, 1988). The 1977 World Health Assembly specified that the central social goal of WHO was a level of “acceptable” health that would allow a “socially and economically productive life” for all people by 2000, and called on nation states to work towards this goal. These issues were addressed at a meeting in Alma Ata the subsequent year, and the resultant Declaration of Alma Ata was to influence global and national strategies, policies and programmes for the next two decades. It emphasized the need to provide “Health for All” by collaboration between biomedical and traditional sectors, and encouraged approaches to health care that incorporated community participation and community development. Subsequently, social scientists assumed an increased role in the implementation of health care programmes, as they were required to generate relevant knowledge from which to assist the development of appropriate interventions within communities (e.g. Manderson et al., 1992).

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1 “Community participation” and colonial public health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2 Community development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. HEALTH FOR ALL IN CRISIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4. THE CONUNDRUM OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.1 “Community in vector-borne and tropical diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.2 Means (towards Health for All) or an end (in itself) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 4.3 Facilitatory communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 4.4 Participation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5. PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF TROPICAL DISEASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.1 African trypanosomiasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.2 Chagas disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5.3 Dengue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.4 Filariasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.5 Leishmaniasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5.6 Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 5.7 Malaria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 5.8 Onchocerciasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.9 Schistosomiasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5.10 Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 6. KNOWLEDGE GAPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6.1 Fluidity of community participation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6.2 Strategies and schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6.3 Sustainability and the role of health sector reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 6.4 The role of state and political and health sector reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6.5 Global events and advocacies, local consequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 7. CONCLUSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43