Physical Activity and Health

By Department of Health and Human Services

Book Id: WPLBN0000170482
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 1.6 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	Physical Activity and Health
Author:	Department of Health and Human Services
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Medical research, Medical reports
Collections:	Medical Library Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention


Citation APA MLA Chicago Health And Human Services, D. O. (n.d.). Physical Activity and Health. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Excerpt
The United States has led the world in understanding and promoting the benefits of physical activity. In the 1950s, we launched the first national effort to encourage young Americans to be physically active, with a strong emphasis on participation in team sports. In the 1970s, we embarked on a national effort to educate Americans about the cardiovascular benefits of vigorous activity, such as running and playing basketball. And in the 1980s and 1990s, we made breakthrough findings about the health benefits of moderate-intensity activities, such as walking, gardening, and dancing.

Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction, Summary, and Chapter Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 2: Historical Background, Terminology, Evolution of Recommendations and Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Western Historical Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Terminology of Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Evolution of Physical Activity Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Summary of Recent Physical Activity Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Measurement of Physical Activity, Fitness, and Intensity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Chapter 3: Physiologic Responses and Long-Term Adaptations to Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Physiologic Responses to Episodes of Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Long-Term Adaptations to Exercise Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Maintenance, Detraining, and Prolonged Inactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Special Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 Chapter 4: The Effects of Physical Activity on Health and Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Overall Mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85 Cardiovascular Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Non–Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Osteoarthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Osteoporosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Obesity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Mental Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Health-Related Quality of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Adverse Effects of Physical Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Occurrence of Adverse Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Nature of the Activity/Health Relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Chapter 5: Patterns and Trends in Physical Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Physical Activity among Adults in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Physical Activity among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Chapter 6: Understanding and Promoting Physical Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Theories and Models Used in Behavioral and Social Research on Physical Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Behavioral Research on Physical Activity among Adults . . . .