World Health Organization Publication : Year 2006 ; Issue 9241563303 - in English: Diagnostics for Tuberculosis Global Demand and Market Potential

By Lisa Schwarb

Book Id: WPLBN0000197086
Format Type: PDF eBook:
File Size: 4.65 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization Publication : Year 2006 ; Issue 9241563303 - in English: Diagnostics for Tuberculosis Global Demand and Market Potential
Author:	Lisa Schwarb
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Schwarb, B. L. (n.d.). World Health Organization Publication : Year 2006 ; Issue 9241563303 - in English. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
Every year there are 8.8 million new active TB cases and nearly 2 million TB deaths worldwide – 5,000 every day – mostly in the poorest communities of the developing world. One third of the world’s population has latent TB which may later develop into an active form of the disease. TB has also become the leading cause of death among people with HIV. Multidrug-resistance is also a growing problem. A key challenge for the public health community is to be able to effectively diagnose patients so that valuable resources and medicines are not wasted on misdiagnosis and repeat treatments.

Table of Contents
CONTENTS FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 CHAPTER 1 Global agenda for TB control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 CHAPTER 2 Overview of current TB diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 CHAPTER 3 Current TB diagnostics market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 CHAPTER 4 Improving the technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 CHAPTER 5 Potential market for new TB diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 CHAPTER 6 The socioeconomic burden of TB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 CHAPTER 7 The business environment for TB diagnostics . . . . . . 125 COUNTRY PROFILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 ANNEX Regulation of in vitro diagnostics: a global perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 4 * Diagnostics for tuberculosis: global demand and market potential * INDEX OF TABLES AND FIGURES CHAPTER 1 Global agenda for TB control FIGURES Figure 1. Tuberculosis classification scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Figure 2. The estimated global burden of tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Figure 3. Global caseload of new TB cases stratified by smear and notification status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Figure 4. Global case notification rate for smear-positive pulmonary TB is not improved by DOTS expansion alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Figure 5. The gap between estimated and notified cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Figure 6. TB incidence closely correlated with HIV prevalence in Africa . . . 23 Figure 7. Overall financial commitments to TB control 1999 to 2004 (US$ millions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 CHAPTER 2 Overview of current TB diagnostics FIGURES Figure 1. Diagnostic priorities in developing and developed countries: where, who,why? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Figure 2. Chest radiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Figure 3. Sputum smear microscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Figure 4. Mycobacterial culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Figure 5. Nucleic acid amplification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Figure 6. Serological detection of TB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Figure 7. Phage-based TB detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Figure 8. Mantoux test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Figure 9. Cytokine detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Figure 10. Characteristics of current TB diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 TABLES Table 1. Special situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Table 2. Advantages and limitations of different culture media . . . . . . . . . 37 Table 3. Causes of false-positive and false-negative PPD reactions . . . . . . . . 41 Table 4. The challenges of diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 CHAPTER 3 Current TB diagnostics market FIGURES Figure 1. Market share of the top 10 IVD companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . .