World Health Organization : Year 2001 ; World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Dependance, Noncommunicable Disease and Mental Health Cluster 01.3: Ecstasy MDMA and Other Ring-Substituted Amphetamines

By Linda R. Gowing

Book Id: WPLBN0000201495
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 6.2 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization : Year 2001 ; World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Dependance, Noncommunicable Disease and Mental Health Cluster 01.3: Ecstasy MDMA and Other Ring-Substituted Amphetamines
Author:	Linda R. Gowing
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Gowing, L. R. (n.d.). World Health Organization : Year 2001 ; World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Dependance, Noncommunicable Disease and Mental Health Cluster 01.3. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
The term ecstasy is primarily applied to 3r4-meth- ylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) but other drugs are sold as ecstasy, and ecstasy tablets can contain a range of drugs in addition to, or in place of, MDMA. MDMA combines stimulant and hallucinogenic prop- erties. Its use has been associated with a global trend of dance parties and techno or dance music. In the 1970s. MDMAwas increasingly being used in the USA as an adjunct to psychotherapy. In 1985, the US Food and Drug Administration classified MDMA as Schedule I (no acceptable therapeutic use). Debate regarding the decision may have unin- tentionally increased public awareness of the drug and its psychoactive effects.

Table of Contents
Table of Contents Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v Executive Summary ..................... vi 1. Introduction ....................1 1 . 1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Scope of the report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3 Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 1.4 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 1.5 Manufacture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 . Epidemiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 2.1 Global spread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2 Population prevalence of use . . . . . . . . .5 2.2.1 Africa and Middle Eastern Countries . . . .5 2.2.1.1 South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2.2 North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 2.2.2.1 Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 2.2.2.2 United States of America . . . . . . . . . . . .6 2.2.3 Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 2.2.4 East Asia and Western Pacific . . . . . . . . .6 2.2.4.1 Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2.4.2 China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2.4.3 Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2.4.4 Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2.4.5 Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 2.2.4.6 Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 2.2.4.7 Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2.4.8 Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 2.2.5 Central and Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2.5.1 Croatia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2.5.2 Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 2.2.5.3 Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2.5.4 Russian Federation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2.5.5 Slovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8