Crs Report for Congress Received through the Crs Web Balancing Scientific Publication and National Security Concerns : Issues for Congress Updated December 16, 2004

By Shea, Dana A.

Book Id: WPLBN0000235059
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 0.2 MB
Reproduction Date: 2008

Title:	Crs Report for Congress Received through the Crs Web Balancing Scientific Publication and National Security Concerns : Issues for Congress Updated December 16, 2004
Author:	Shea, Dana A.
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Government publications, Legislation., Government Printing Office (U.S.)
Collections:	Government Library Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	Government Printing Office


Citation APA MLA Chicago Shea, D. A. (n.d.). Crs Report for Congress Received through the Crs Web Balancing Scientific Publication and National Security Concerns : Issues for Congress Updated December 16, 2004. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Excerpt
Summary: The federal government has historically supported the open publication of federally funded research results. In cases where such results presented a challenge to national security concerns, several mechanisms have been employed. For fundamental research results, the federal policy has been to use classification to limit dissemination. For advanced technology and technological information, a combination of classification and export and arms trafficking regulation has been used to inhibit its spread. The terrorist attacks of 2001 have increased scrutiny of nonconventional weapons, including weapons of mass destruction, and publication of some research results have increased concerns over whether publication of federally funded extramural research results could threaten national security.

Table of Contents
Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Examples of Research Results of Concern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Past and Current Controls on Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Current Federal Policy on Scientific Publication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Mechanisms of Governmental Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Export Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Export of Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Export of Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Prepublication Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Recent Policy Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 The Card Memorandum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 The Department of Defense Draft Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Congressional Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Response of Professional Societies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Department of Homeland Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Department of Health and Human Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Policy Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Maintaining the Status Quo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Self-Regulation by Scientists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Regulation by Publishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Federal Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Prepublication Review of Sensitive, But Unclassified Results . . . . . . 28 Security Review at the Funding Stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Federal Licensing of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Oversight of the Department of Homeland Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Concluding Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31