Inductive Logic

By Sion, Avi, Dr.

Book Id: WPLBN0100304387
Format Type: PDF eBook:
File Size: 0.1 MB
Reproduction Date: 1/1/2018

Title:	Inductive Logic
Author:	Sion, Avi, Dr.
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Non Fiction, Philosophy, logic, induction, methodology, scientific method, epistemology, philosophy
Collections:	Authors Community, Philosophy
Historic Publication Date:	2018
Publisher:	Avi Sion - Kindle

Member Page:	Avi Sion
Citation APA MLA Chicago Avi Sion, B. D. (2018). Inductive Logic. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.cc/

Description
Inductive Logic is a ‘thematic compilation’ by Avi Sion. It collects in one volume many (though not all) of the essays, that he has written on this subject over a period of some 23 years, which all demonstrate the possibility and conditions of validity of human knowledge, the utility and reliability of human cognitive means when properly used, contrary to the skeptical assumptions that are nowadays fashionable. This volume includes essays on the laws of thought, credibility, logical modality, contextuality, adduction, theory formation and selection, induction of actual and modal propositions, factorial induction (factor selection and formula revision), the phenomenological approach, experience, conceptualization, generalization and particularization, causation and its determinations, volition (freewill) and influences thereon, negation, and existential import. A new essay, The Logic of Analogy, was added in 2022.

Summary
Inductive Logic is a ‘thematic compilation’ by Avi Sion. It collects in one volume many (though not all) of the essays, that he has written on this subject over a period of some 23 years, which all demonstrate the possibility and conditions of validity of human knowledge, the utility and reliability of human cognitive means when properly used, contrary to the skeptical assumptions that are nowadays fashionable.

Table of Contents
Foreword 8 1. The Laws of Thought 13 1. The Law of Identity 13 2. The Law of Contradiction 15 3. The Law of the Excluded Middle 17 2. Credibility 20 1. Ground of the Laws 20 2. Functions of the Laws 24 3. More on Credibility 25 3. Logical Modality 28 1. The Singular Modalities 28 2. The Plural Modalities. 30 3. Analogies and Contrasts 32 4. Apodictic Knowledge 34 4. Contextuality 39 1. Statics 39 2. Dynamics 40 3. Time-Frames 42 4. Context Comparisons 43 5. Personal and Social 44 5. Adduction 47 1. Logical Probability 47 2. Providing Evidence 50 3. Weighting Evidence 55 4. Other Types of Probability 58 6. Theory Formation 62 1. Theorizing 62 2. Structure of Theories 63 3. Criteria 65 4. Control 67 7. Theory Selection 70 1. The Scientific Method 70 2. Compromises 73 3. Theory Changes 75 4. Exclusive Relationships 76 8. Synthetic Logic 79 1. Synthesis 79 2. Self-Criticism 80 3. Fairness 82 9. Actual Induction 85 1. The Problem 85 2. Induction of Particulars 87 3. Generalization 88 4. Particularization 91 5. Validation 92 10. Modal Induction 95 1. Knowability 95 2. Equality of Status 96 3. Stages of Induction 98 4. Generalization vs. Particularization 99 5. The Paradigm of Induction 100 6. The Pursuit of Integers 102 11. Factor Selection 104 1. Prediction 104 2. The Uniformity Principle 105 3. The Law of Generalization 106 12. Formula Revision 109 1. Context Changes 109 2. Kinds of Revision 110 3. Particularization 113 13. Phenomena 115 1. Empirical or Hypothetical 115 2. Physical or Mental 116 3. Concrete and Abstract 121 4. Presentative or Representative 124 14. Consciousness and the Mind 127 1. A Relation 127 2. Kinds of Consciousness 129 3. The Mind 134 4. Popular Psychology 138 15. Perception and Recognition 140 1. The Immediacy of Sense-Perception 140 2. Logical Conditions of Recognition 145 3. Other Applications 148 16. The Logic of Induction 151 1. Degrees of Being 151 2. Induction from Logical Possibility 156 3. The Novelty of My Work 161 17. An Inductive Logic Primer 163 1. Introduction 163 2. Induction 165 3. The Art of Knowing 168 4. Adduction in Western Philosophy 170 18. Intro to Phenomenology 175 1. What, Why and How 175 2. Knowledge is Based on Appearance 177 3. To Be or Not to Be 180 4. The Phenomenological Approach 183 19. Organizing Principles 186 1. The Order of Things 186 2. Appearance and Other Large Concepts 188 3. Material, Mental, Intuitive, Abstract 193 20. Experiences and Abstractions 198 1. The Objects of Perception 198 2. The Objects of Intuition 214 3. Correlations between Experiences 219 4. Conceptual Objects 220 5. Degrees of Interiority 226 21. Conceptualization 230 1. Sameness and Difference 230 2. Compatibility or Incompatibility 238 3. Words and Intentions 247 4. A Theory of Universals 251 5. Unity in Plurality 262 22. Logical Activities 266 1. Logical Attitudes 266 2. Principles of Adduction 267 3. Generalization is Justifiable 274 4. Syllogism Adds to Knowledge 277 5. Concept Formation 280 6. Empty Classes 282 23. The Paradigm of Causation 285 1. Causation 285 2. The Paradigmatic Determination 286 24. The Determinations of Causation 294 1. Strong Determinations 294 2. Parallelism of Strongs 299 3. Weak Determinations 303 4. Parallelism of Weaks 315 5. The Four Genera of Causation 316 6. Negations of Causation 319 25. Some LC Phase One Insights 324 1. The Significance of Certain Findings 324 2. Highlights of Findings 329 3. The Modes of Causation 334 26. Some LC Phase Two Insights 339 1. On Laws of Causation 339 2. Interdependence 347 3. Other Features of Causation 353 27. Knowledge of Volition, Etc. 357 1. Knowledge of Volition 357 2. Knowledge of Effort, Influence and Freedom 361 28. Thoughts on Induction 364 1. Evidence 364 2. Theorizing 371 3. Additional Remarks 376 29. About Causation 384 1. Hume’s Critique 384 2. Induction of Causatives 388 3. True of All Opposites 389 4. Extensional to Natural 390 30. Theory of Negation 392 1. Negation in Adduction 392 2. Positive and Negative Phenomena 394 3. Positive Experience Precedes Negation 397 4. Negation is an Intention 399 5. Pure Experience 402 31. The Significance of Negation 404 1. Formal Consequences 404 2. Negation and the Laws of Thought 406 3. Consistency is Natural 409 4. Status of the Logic of Causation 412 5. Zero, One and More 413 32. Contrary to Hume’s Skepticism 417 1. Hume’s “Problem of Induction” 417 2. The Principle of Induction 423 3. Causation, Necessity and Connection 432 33. More Reflections on Induction 440 1. The Psychology of Induction 440 2. The Induction of Induction 452 3. Some Further Remarks on Causal Logic 455 4. Addenda (2009) 465 34. Contrary to Kant’s Unreason 468 1. Experience, Space and Time 468 2. Ratiocinations 483 3. Induction of Contents and Forms 496 35. Some LC Phase Three Insights 498 1. History of My Causation Research 498 2. What is Causation? 501 3. How is Causation Known? 505 36. The Existential Import Doctrine 512 1. Existential Import 512 2. Aristotle’s Teaching 512 3. Modern Modifications 515 4. Further Review 520 5. Reassessment 522 6. Further Criticism 527 37. The Logic of Analogy 532 1. Qualitative analogy 532 2. Quantitative analogy 541 3. Terms of unequal breadth 546 4. Conflicting analogies 551 5. Statistics-based analogical arguments 555 6. A scientific illustration 557 7. Use of analogy in making and applying law 562 8. A Talmudic illustration 565 9. More about analogy in the Talmud 591 10. Subsumption in analogical terms 595 Main References 599