Description Details
Your task is to type the correct text on the given board and help the starving Raccoon to have his delicious food. If you type wrong text or fail to type, you will lose your life. Have a great fun…...

Description Details
Ahupuaa is a section of land most often running from the mountains to the sea. Within most ahupuaa were three areas: uka (upland), kula (plains and fields), and kai (sea and nearby land). These areas contained almost everything people needed to survive. Two words are in the word“ahupuaa:” “ahu” for altar and “puaa” for pig. An altar of stones was built on the ahupuaa boundary in honor of the god Lono. Lono was the god of peace, rain, clouds, winds, the sea, agriculture and fertility. An image of a pig’s head was carved of kukui wood and placed upon the altar. During the yearly Makahiki Festival the people brought their hookupu, or gifts, to this altar....

Description Details
From earliest origins in Scotland, influenced by early USA development, the history of agricultural education is use to introduce the influences on Australian agricultural education through the system in the most developed State of Victoria from the 1800s to the late 1990s. The creation of the new Institute of Melbourne School of Land and Environment on 1 July 1997 represents a landmark in the history of agricultural, food, forestry, horticulture and natural resource management education in Australia. It indicates a commitment from the Victorian College of Agriculture and Horticulture and the University of Melbourne to merge the agriculture, food, forestry and horticultural activities into a single faculty to become Australia's largest ever such entity. The book traces the story of the forming entities of Land and Food in chronological order touching on high points and attempting to draw out elements which contribute to today's culture within this very large faculty. The personalities in the early stages of agricultural education, including the persuaders, rogues, visionaries, politicians, academics and farmers, are, we believe,...

Table of Contents Details
Acknowledgement Editors' Foreword Chapters: 1. Origins 2. Prelude 3. Dookie 4. Longerenong 5. Burnley 6. University of Melbourne 7. Forestry at Creswick 8. Gilbert Chandler 9. Glenormiston 10. MicMillan 11. VCAH 12. Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Horticulture 13. Institute of Land and Food Resources References Index...

Description Details
Na Kamalei-K. E. E. P. – Koolauloa Early Education Program is a Native Hawaiian nonprofit organization that includes Ho‘ala Na Pua, a parent-child interaction and family education program that services the families of Ko‘olauloa, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. The Houlu Hou Project: Stories Told By Us is a project of Na Kamalei that is funded in part by the Administration for Native Americans. The project goal is to provide families with services and opportunities that foster culturally appropriate and healthy development of a balanced child. The oral legacy within our community strengthens our families and produces stories that bring meaning to our lives and that help identify who we are and where we are from. Our resource partners are Ko‘olauloa community organizations that support the advancement of Native Hawaiian children and their families through the creation of children’s books. Stories of history, geography, language and culture are born and shared in the context of the community. Kupuna (elders) now encourage the sharing of these stories so that future generations will benefit from this legacy. This serie...

Description Details
R. S. Kuykendall spent four decades of his life writing the history of Hawaii. He came to the Islands in 1922 as executive secretary of the newly formed Historical Commission of the Territory of Hawaii. The Commission planned, among other projects, to publish a large-scale history: a general narrative of a thousand pages or more, sufficiently documented to ensure "authoritativeness. " Working to this mandate, Kuykendall brought to bear on his task everything he could muster in the way of personal and professional resources. He was well suited to the sort of pioneer labor that faced him. He had a great appetite and aptitude for spadework of an archival kind, locating, acquiring, and organizing collections of documents. His use of materials was marked by a quite outstanding scrupulosity with regard to matters of fact. Whatever industriousness and commonsensical perceptiveness could wring from often inadequate, often intransigent sources, Kuykendall set himself to extract. Though the Historical Commission itself did not survive the Great Depression, Kuykendall, continuing his researches as a faculty member of the University o...

Excerpt Details
This volume is one of the fruits of a project undertaken more than a dozen years ago by the Historical Commission of the Territory of Hawaii and carried on since 1932 by the University of Hawaii. The project called for the preparation of a comprehensive general history of Hawaii based upon a thorough study of original sources. The first phase of the undertaking was to discover the source material not already available in Honolulu and to obtain copies of as much of it as possible, particularly of documents which shed new light on the history of the islands. For this purpose, extensive research has been carried on in the national archives of the United States, Great Britain, and France, and minor investigations have been made in the archives of Belgium and Mexico and in a number of libraries and collections in the United States. Many thousand pages of transcripts have been obtained from these places, supplementing at many points and in many important respects the materials previously available in Honolulu. Independently of this project, a large quantity of new material has been added to collections in the Territory, and there has...

Table of Contents Details
Preface. xi -- List of Abbreviations. xiii -- Introduction: A Glimpse of Ancient Hawaii. 1 -- Coming of the Foreigners. 12 -- Kamehameha and the Founding of the Kingdom. 29 -- 1819. 61 -- Kamehameha II. 71 -- Early Commercial Development. 82 -- New Religion and New Learning. 100 -- The Early Years of the Reign of Kamehameha III: Regency of Kaahumanu. 117 -- The Troubled Thirties. 133 -- The Birth of Constitutional Government. 153 -- Industry, Agriculture, Manufactures. 170 -- The Recognition of Hawaii's Independence. 185 -- The Paulet Episode. 206 -- Governmental Reorganization in the Midst of Difficulties. 227 -- The Land Revolution. 269 -- Commercial and Agricultural Progress, 1830-1854. 299 -- Religious and Educational Development, 1840-1854. 335 -- The Struggle for Equitable Treaties. 368 -- The Shadow of Destiny. 383 -- On the Date of the Birth of Kamehameha. 429 -- On the Regency, 1823-1833. 430 -- On the Origin of the Hawaiian Sandalwood Trade. 434 -- On the Debt Settlement of 1826. 434 -- Index. 437 --...

Description Details
This book is the second of three volumes designed to provide a general history of the modern Hawaiian Kingdom. The first volume was published some years ago under the title, The Hawaiian Kingdom, 1778-1854: Foundation and Transformation. The third volume, which explores the years 1874-1893, deals with the reigns of Kalakaua and Liliuokalani, the expansive reciprocity era and the downfall of the monarchy. The present volume covers the middle period of the kingdom's history, between the close of the reign of Kamehameha III and the accession of Kalakaua. It was an important period with distinct and well-marked characteristics. The ideas of the kings and many of the influences at work differed significantly from those of the preceding and following reigns. But it has been comparatively neglected by students of Hawaiian history; relatively little has been written about it; and the noteworthy changes and advances which occurred during these years have received less attention than they deserve. In the present volume, an attempt has been made to get a truer perspective and to give a more adequate account of the developments of the period. T...

Excerpt Details
The first attempts to establish steam navigation among the Hawaiian islands were made by men engaged in similar enterprises in California; they were part of a much larger movement. The expansion of the United States to the Pacific coast, the extraordinarily rapid settlement of California after the discovery of gold in that region, and the quick rise of San Francisco to a position of importance in the commercial and maritime world deepened American interest in the Pacific region and in the trade of eastern Asia. This led naturally to discussion of the subject of steam navigation in the Pacific. Steamships were soon placed in operation along the American coast, and tentative plans were made for steamship lines to cross the great ocean to Hawaii, to the Orient, and to the British colonies in Australia and New Zealand. Projects for the annexation of Hawaii to the United States were another result of the same expansion movement, and there appears to have been a relationship between the idea of annexation and at least one of the schemes for putting steamships into the interisland service. Immediately after the beginning of the gold rush ...

Table of Contents Details
Interisland Coasting Service. 3 -- Interisland Steam Navigation. 11 -- Transoceanic Transporation. 15 -- Harbor Improvements. 19 -- Land Travel. 23 -- Mail Service. 26 -- The New King. 33 -- Administrative Organization. 36 -- General Policy. 37 -- Mission of W. L. Lee. 39 -- Failure of the Reciprocity Treaty. 45 -- Great Britain and the Reciprocity Treaty. 47 -- New Treaty with France. 47 -- Quest for Security. 54 -- Hawaii's Neutrality in Time of War. 57 -- Hawaii and Japan. 66 -- The Queen's Hospital. 69 -- Leprosy. 72 -- Immigration. 75 -- The Royal Family. 78 -- Hawaiian Reformed Catholic Church. 84 -- Other Religious Developments. 99 -- Educational Developments. 106 -- Kamehameha III and the Constitution of 1852. 115 -- Amending the Constitution of 1852. 119 -- Death of Kamehameha IV and Accession of Kamehameha V. 124 -- Constitution of 1864. 127 -- Decline of Whaling Industry. 135 -- Growth of Sugar Industry. 140 -- Other Agricultural Activity. 149 -- Hawaii's Trade Balance. 163 -- Steamship Service: Interisland. 164 -- Steamship Service: Transoceanic. 168 -- Hotel and Public Works. 172 -- Government Finances. 175 -- Bureau of...

Description Details
The following collection of archival and oral historical records was compiled by Kumu Pono Associates LLC, at the request of Sam Garcia, Jr., and Jon Garcia, owners of a 5.497 acre parcel of land, situated in the ahupuaa (native land division) of Kaeo, in the Honuaula region of Maui (TMK 2- 1-007:067). The Garcia parcel extends from near sea level at the shore to about fifty feet in elevation above sea level, and the family proposes to develop their five-plus acre parcel into a small subdivision, containing eleven single family residences. As a part of the planning process, a preservation plan is needed for a site identified as a heiau (temple), that is situated on the property. In addition to the heiau, stone walls, habitation features, agricultural mounds, terraces, enclosures, and modified outcrops were also identified, as a part of an archaeological survey conducted by Haun and Associates (Haun et al., 2000 & 2004). The cultural resources are interpreted as dating from the period of pre-history to historic ranching and later residency activities (Haun, 2000 & 2004; and Frampton, 2002, revised, 2004). The research conducted as a...

Description Details
Eating organic foods & raw foods is a great way to improve and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Some of the benefits of eating organic foods & raw foods include getting rid of the toxins that cause a lot of the chronic health problems that we are faced with nowadays such as cancer, diabetes, obesity and excess weight. Eating organic & raw foods also helps the body to be more resistant to disease, helps the body fight off infections, boosts energy levels, helps the body maintain a healthy weight, improves mental functionality, regulates blood sugar and blood pressure levels. ...

Table of Contents Details
Table of Content 1. What Are Organic Foods? 2. What Are the Advantages of Eating Organic Foods? 3. Why Choose Organic Foods? 4. What is a Raw Food Diet? 5. A Raw Food Diet isn’t really a DIET it’s a Lifestyle 6. Why You Should Give the Raw Food Lifestyle a Try 7. Introducing Raw Foods to the Kids 8. Why Go “Raw”? 9. Transforming Your Diet 10. Raw Food Recipes 11. Natural Alternatives for Flavor 12. Eating Organic and Going Raw Can Get Expensive 13. Final Note: This Is Not a Fad Diet it’s a Lifestyle Change 14. Organic & Raw Food Resources ...

Description Details
Foreword It was agriculture that enabled human beings to become producers rather than hunters and gatherers, and in doing so to settle into communities. From these earliest settlements have developed the elaborate and complex societies of today. During all these millennia, we have tended to take agriculture for granted. This is unfortunate, and unfair by all those - farm men and women in the fields, scientists in their laboratories, and policy makers in parliaments and elsewhere, for instance - who have contributed to the development of agriculture; an enterprise that is as significant as it is exciting. The history of modern agriculture which has made possible the greatest leap in well-being that the human family has yet experienced, has seen the integration of research-based knowledge with traditional wisdom to bring about great improvements in agricultural varieties, farming techniques and management practices. The consequence of that “marriage” has been undreamed of increases of food productivity which served as the center of concentric circles of progress. Understanding that process and, more important, the substance that mad...

Table of Contents Details
Table of Contents List of Boxes ix Acknowledgments xi List of Acronyms xii Forward by Ismail Serageldin xiii To The Reader xv Chapter 1. NATURAL RESOURCES 1 Concern 1 The Underlying Resources 3 Land and Soil 3 Water 7 Atmosphere 12 Biodiversity 15 Forests 17 Management of Natural Resources 19 Chapter 2. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 23 The Development of Modern Agriculture 23 Population and Food 27 Future Food Demand 30 The Agricultural Environment 34 Irrigation Potential 36 Poverty 37 Investment 39 Sustainable Food Production 42 Sustainability and Image 45 People and Agriculture 47 Towards an Alternative Approach 51 Chapter 3. UNDERSTANDING AND EDUCATION: ENVIRONMENTAL EMPATHY 55 Awareness 55 Bread Baskets of the World 58 The Global Need 59 The Imperative of Education 60 Public Environmental Education 63 Changes in Agricultural Education 66 Information or Knowledge 70 Chapter 4. HIGHER EDUCATION IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES 75 Note: Page numbers may differ in e-version Why Higher Education? 75 6 The Alternative - “The Noble Savage” 79 Universities in LDCs 80 Natural Resource Management Education 82 Issues in Environmental Educat...

Description Details
At the request of Garret Hew, Manager of East Maui Irrigation Company (EMI), Kumu Pono Associates conducted a two phased study of cultural-historical resources in the lands of Hamakua Poko, Hamakua Loa, and Ko?olau, in the region of Maui Hikina (East Maui), Island of Maui. The study included—conducting detailed research of historical records in public and private collections (Volume I); and conducting oral history interviews with individuals known to be familiar with the cultural and natural landscape, and history of land use in the Maui Hikina study area (Volume II). This study was conducted in conjunction with the Water License Application of the East Maui Irrigation Company, and land use planning processes of the Board of Land and Natural Resources of the State of Hawai?i. The study area includes 72 ahupua?a (native land divisions extending from fisheries to the mountain region) which make up the moku o loko (districts) of Hamakua Poko, Hamakua Loa, and Ko?olau, Maui. Situated on the eastern slopes of Haleakala, the lands are a part of the region generally known as Maui Hikina (East Maui). These lands comprise a large portion of ...

Excerpt Details
In general, it will be seen that the few differences of history and recollections in the cited interviews are minor. If anything, the differences help direct us to questions which may be answered through additional research, or in some cases, pose questions which may never be answered. Diversity in the stories told, should be seen as something that will enhance interpretation, preservation, and long-term management of the land and water resources of Maui Hikina....

Description Details
Beginning with the traditional history of the great chief ‘Umi and ending with the death of Kamehameha III in 1854, this volume covers the rediscovery of the Hawaiian Islands by Captain James Cook, the consolidation of the Hawaiian Kingdom by Kamehameha I, the coming of the missionaries and the changes affecting the kingdom during the first half of the nineteenth century. Originally, this history was written by Kamakau in Hawaiian as a series of newspaper articles in the 1860s and 1870s. The English translation is primarily by Mary Kawena Pukui. It offers more than a record of past events. It presents a scholarly interpretation of those events by a Hawaiian historian writing for Hawaiians about their culture and disappearing customs. He lived at a time when access to first-hand information about the ancient culture was still available yet needed explanation because his Hawaiian audience was growing increasingly removed from its own cultural past. He wrote with a remarkable memory, a strong intellectual curiosity and a skill for turning a phrase. Samuel Manaiakalani Kamakau was born in 1815 on the island of O‘ahu and died in Honolu...

Excerpt Details
The first article, dated December 16, 1920, was entitled “A Tale of Kekuhaupi‘o, the Famous Warrior of the Era of Kamehameha the Great (Written for the readers of Ka Hoku o Hawaii).” The serial initially focuses on the story of Kekuhaupi‘o, an exceptionally strong and skillful Hawaiian warrior from Ke‘ei, South Kona. As with most noted warriors, he was a master in the ways of battle strategy and in understanding human nature in his enemies and allies alike. Kekuhaupi‘o advocated the importance of continued training to be always prepared for battle. He believed in heeding the omens of the gods of ancient Hawai‘i—spirits from whom victory or defeat was thought to spring. Kekuhaupi‘o was well versed in the many disciplines of Hawaiian warfare, particularly that of lua (a bone-breaking form of wrestling), and a master in the use of weaponry....

Table of Contents Details
The Young Kekuhaupi‘o. 1 -- A New Teacher.. 3 -- The Ailolo Ceremony.. 6 -- Luring the Niuhi Shark.. 9 -- The Niuhi Shark: Methods of Capture.. 11 -- Battling the Niuhi Shark. 13 -- Ailolo Offering and a Lua Contest.. 15 -- Ikoi, the Tripping Club, and Delegate Kuhio. 18 -- Demonstrating Ikoi.. 20 -- The Ikoi Contest and Return Home.. 23 -- Birth of Kamehameha I.. 25 -- Kekuhaupi‘o Becomes an Instructor.. 28 -- Battle of Kalaeokailio, Kaupo.. 30 -- Kalani‘opu‘u Again Takes War to Maui. 33 -- Kalani‘opu‘u Disregards his Kahuna. 35 -- Kekuhaupi‘o’s Adventure with Kamehameha on Maui. 38 -- Disaster at Kakanilua, Maui. 41 -- Slaughter on Maui. 44 -- Kiwala‘o Sent to Sue for Peace. 47 -- On Board Captain Cook’s Ship and the Thundering Cannon. 51 -- First Encounters with Europeans. 55 -- Kamehameha Sails with Cook. 59 -- Training for Battle in Kohala. 62 -- Kekuhaupi‘o Rebukes Kamehameha and Prepares for War. 65 -- Fighting at Hakalau. 68 -- Kekuhaupi‘o Kills Kaihe and Kamehameha Recalled to Kohala. 71The Naha Stone. 75 -- Kamehameha Moves the Naha Stone. 79 -- Kalani‘opu‘u’s Bequests. 82 -- ‘Imakakoloa Sacrificed. 85 -- Kuka‘ilimoku Give...

Description Details
Authors rarely have the privilege, after twenty-five years, of revising a work of considerable size. We are grateful to have had this privilege, because the need for a complete revision of the Hawaiian Dictionary has long been evident, judging from the response of scholars and of many other readers, not only in Hawai?i, but from all parts of the world. Work of revision, begun in 1972, has taken so long that the compilers often wondered if they would live to see the final form of this labor of love. In this preface we review the additions and changes that have been incorporated in this latest edition. About 3,000 new entries have been added to the Hawaiian-English section, bringing the total number of entries in that section to about 29,000. Almost certainly it is the largest and most complete of any Polynesian dictionary. Partly because of the increased interest in Hawaiiana, many books have appeared since the first edition was compiled in the early 1950s. Those sources most productive of new entries and additional meanings of old entries include the following (see the References for bibliographic details): Handy and Pukui 1958, Ii...

Excerpt Details
In the revised dictionary we have attempted to credit Greek, Hebrew, and Latin as sources of many loan words in Hawaiian, drawing on Elbert and Knowlton's unpublished paper (1985) that lists words probably from Greek (mostly in the New Testament), Hebrew (mostly in the Old Testament), and Latin (mostly of non-Hawaiian animals and terms for Christian services). We found that the meanings of Hawaiian words in the King James Version (KJV) differed considerably from those in the Revised Standard Version (RSV) of 1946–1952 (Old Testament) and 1971 (New Testament). In such cases both definitions are given, the RSV meanings appearing first, as presumably based on later research. There is no assurance that all such differences in the two versions are noted. In the table below are listed a few of the many words from Greek, Hebrew, and Latin with RSV glosses that differ from KJV glosses. Notice that in every case the alternate spelling (with non-Hawaiian letters) clearly reflects the source language. Notice also that the Hawaiian loan words of Greek origin in this short list end in o; this is probably because of the frequency of Greek w...

Description Details
At the request of Garret Hew, Manager of East Maui Irrigation Company, Ltd. (EMI), Kumu Pono Associates conducted a two-phased study of cultural-historical resources in the lands of Hamakua Poko, Hamakua Loa, and Ko?olau, in the region of Maui Hikina (East Maui), Island of Maui (an area that includes some 73 individual ahupua?a or native land divisions). The study included— conducting detailed research of historical records in public and private collections (Volume I); and conducting oral history interviews with individuals known to be familiar with the cultural and natural landscape, and history of land use in the Maui Hikina study area (Volume II). This study was conducted in conjunction with the Water License Application of the East Maui Irrigation Company, Ltd., to the Board of Land and Natural Resources of the State of Hawai?i. The specific scope of the study sought to investigate and describe the wide range of issues related to Native Hawaiian and historic practices associated with na mea wai (water and its usage). In order to understand the cultural-historical context of water resources including — those uses which have been ...

Excerpt Details
The research and interviews conducted for this study were performed in a manner consistent with Federal and State laws and guidelines for such studies. Among the referenced laws and guidelines were the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966, as amended in 1992 (36 CFR Part 800); the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation?s “Guidelines for Consideration of Traditional Cultural Values in Historic Preservation Review” (ACHP 1985); National Register Bulletin 38, “Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Traditional Cultural Properties” (Parker and King 1990); the Hawai?i State Historic Preservation Statute (Chapter 6E), which affords protection to historic sites, including traditional cultural properties of ongoing cultural significance; the criteria, standards, and guidelines currently utilized by the Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-SHPD) for the evaluation and documentation of cultural sites (cf. Title 13, Sub-Title 13:274-4,5,6; 275:6 – Draft of December 1996); and guidelines for cultural impact assessment studies, adopted by the Office of Environmental Quality Contro...

Description Details
The first edition of The Ahupuaa, published in 1979, was planned and developed by the Kamehameha Schools Hawaiian Studies Institute. It was the first publication undertaken by the institute, which was created in 1978 to consolidate the efforts of Hawaiian studies specialists from several Kamehameha programs. Kamehameha staff members Nuulani Atkins, Hooulu Cambra, Peter Galuteria, Donald D. Kilolani Mitchell, Gordon Piianaia, and Mahela Rosehill cooperated on research and writing. Their efforts were supplemented by Orpha Bernie, who provided clerical support; Fred Cachola, who authorized the project; Grady Wells, who coordinated printing; and Julie Williams, who created illustrations. The idea for this useful teaching text was inspired by a painting of an ahupuaa by Marilyn Kahalewai, who had been a graphic artist at Kamehameha. She painted a colorful picture of an ahupuaa which was used by Hawaiian Studies Institute staff as they visited schools throughout Hawaii. After becoming an independent artist and illustrator she was commissioned to paint a larger and more detailed version. The second painting, which measures four feet by s...

Excerpt Details
In the time of umi, son of the great chief Liloa, the Hawaiian islands were divided into political regions. The four mokupuni (larger islands) of Kauai, Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii were divided into moku (districts). The smaller islands of Molokai, Lanai and Kahoolawe became moku of Maui and Niihau a moku of Kauai. For ease in collecting annual tribute the moku were subdivided into ahupuaa, land sections that usually extended from the mountain summits down through fertile valleys to the outer edge of the reef in the sea....

Description Details
Appreciation is hereby expressed to the Works Progress Administration for cooperation obtained through Project 507 which provided much of the clerical, statistical and cartographical assistance entailed in the preparation of this report and other data to be coordinated and released in subsequent reports; and, to the many Collaborators whose spontaneous response to the Territory’s needs in planning has furnished guidance and inspiration in this our First Progress Report....

Excerpt Details
There is hereby created a Territorial Planning Board consisting of nine members. The Superintendent of Public Works, the President of the Board of Agriculture and Forestry and the Federal Public Works Administrator or in the event there is no Public Works Administrator then the Federal representative of Public Works who shall be designated by the Governor shall be ex-officio members of the Planning Board. The other six members of the Planning Board shall be appointed by the Governor by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Two of the appointive members shall serve for a term of one year, two for a term of two years, and two for a term of three years, and one of the appointive members in his appointment shall be designated as chairman. Upon the termination of such initial terms the members shall serve for a term of four years in each case. The appointive members shall hold office until their successors are appointed and qualified. Any vacancy occurring before the expiration of a term shall be filled for the unexpired term. At least one of the members of said Board shall be an architect and at least one of the members ...

Description Details
The island of hawaii dominated the culture of the northernmost of the polynesian groups, even before the high chief kamehameha conquered the other islands and formed a united kingdom in the first decade of the nineteenth century. This truly great warrior, diplomat and ruler was born in kohala, but was reared, trained and toughened for his mission in ka-u, the southern and most rugged district of hawaii, where his mother, the high chieftainess kekui-a-poiwa, isolated herself to protect her child against the enmity of rival claimants to highest rank and power. The cultural dominance of hawaii was doubtless a consequence of size, richness of forests and soils, diversity of environmental conditions and hence variety and quantity of population. The dynamic temperament of the old polynesian stock of the “big island,” as it is affectionately called today, was probably partly a consequence of the grandeur of the scene, where the great ocean and the pacifics greatest volcanoes respectively formed the outlook and the background of every locality in which hawaiians of hawaii were born and reared, lived and loved and hated, laboured, planted, h...

Table of Contents Details
Foreword. Xv -- List Of References. Xx -- I. The Dispersed Community. 1 -- The Community. 2 -- Land And Sea. 4 -- Households. 5 -- Kauhale (Dwellings). 7 -- Disintegration. 15 -- Conclusion. 16 -- Ii. The Physical Environment. 18 -- Terrain. 20 -- Theseasons. 23 -- Iii. The Legendary Setting. 27 -- The Volcano Goddess. 29 -- Her Clan. 29 -- Her Benign Younger Sister. 30 -- Lono The Thunderer. 31 -- Ku The Erect. 32 -- Kane The Procreator. 33 -- Kanaloa, Lord Of Ocean. 34 -- Names That Confer Status. 35 -- Forms. 35 -- Sharks. 35 -- Caterpillar. 37 -- Bitter Gourd. 38 -- Psychic Aspect Of Community Relationship. 39 -- Iv. The Kinship System. 40 -- Table I. Kinship Terms, Hawaiian And Maori. 42 -- Relationship. 42 -- Grandparents And Grandchildren. 44 -- Blood Tie. 48 -- Husband And Wife. 51 -- Paternity. 52 -- Adoptive Platonic Marital Relationship. 54 -- Plural Mating. 56 -- Critique Of Morgans Interpretation. 60 -- The Punaluan Family. 60 -- Blood And Engrafted Relationships. 65 -- Sons And Daughters, Nephews And Nieces. 65. Brothers, Sisters And Cousins. 66 -- Parents, Uncles And Aunts. 67 -- Relationship Through Marriage. 69 -- ...

Description Details
APEC economies engage in Economic and Technical Cooperation (ECOTECH) to attain sustainable growth and equitable development in the Asia-Pacific region, to reduce economic disparities among members, and to improve overall economic and social well-being. ...

Excerpt Details
The SCE met all of its commitments outlined in its annual work-plan. Its key achievements include the creation of three new groups: the Policy Partnership on Women and the Economy, the Ocean and Fisheries Working Group, and the APEC Experts’ Group on Illegal Logging and Associated Trade. A new Policy Partnership on Food Security was also created by APEC Senior Officials in 2011....

Description Details
The book is a descriptive overview of the culture of the villages. It contains material on the villagers' housing, rice farming and other means of livelihood, community life, festivals, weddings, funerals, sorcerers and healers, as well as village Buddhism. The author draws surprising parallels between the worldviews of peoples of Thailand and Finland, the past and future of local cultures. Matti Sarmela started collecting material on Northern Thailand in 1972. Based on a longitudinal field study, he wrote his description of three villages in Lampang Province, and the changes in villagers' lives over three decades. The book also speaks through the voices of villagers themselves and village monks. They describe the everyday lives of local people, and how they cope under conditions of a constant flux of change, what they think about life, the future, and the fate of human beings after death....

Description Details
The love of personal decoration appears very early in the history of the human race. When the fierce struggle for existence and the pursuit of food and shelter allowed time for the consideration of family, the keen hunters must have learned many a lesson from the beasts of the field and forest,—not less from the birds of the air, of the processes of Nature which Mr. Darwin has called sexual selection. That any savage ever reasons out these processes cannot be believed, but the sharp eye trained in daily hunts could not be blind to the patent fact that so many birds have plumage evidently intended for attractive decoration, and that it answers this purpose. Savage man at first put on the adornments in which he saw the male of so many birds and beasts was resplendent, and not until many ages after was the woman allowed to appropriate to her own use what in early tribal life was the exclusive property of the male....

Excerpt Details
The lion's mane, the tiger's skin, the eagle's feather were man's earliest adornment, and it is not improbable that woman in humble emulation of her lord made for herself clusters and bands of flowers or fruits, while the dwellers on the ocean shores soon took the sea-shells cast on the sandy beach. The warrior of the far North has the eagle and hawk from which to borrow, and the ancient war dress of a Mandan chief was decorated with spoil of these and other birds; but in the warmer regions of the earth, where Nature puts forth all her powers, and birds and insects vie in coloring with the most brilliant flowers, uncivilized man has wantoned in the prodigality and fashioned for himself a gorgeous decoration taken from the captives of his bow, net, or blow-gun....

Description Details
2 Mill. women and children die every year from smoke from cooking fires! That is more than from HIV or Malaria! The smoke causes lung diseases and poisons the body. It is responsible for premature births and infants with a low birth weight. The hay box is a cheap and easy way to stay healthy and to save money at the same time. You live in Europe or America? Your way of cooking with electricity or Propane is very wasteful! Try to use a hay box and you will be less hot and can save money on your electricity or gas bill. The food is delicious because it cooks slowly and will save you a lot of work and time. You can't overcook it and it stays hot and doesn't need to be reheated. Instead of standing in front of your cook stove, you can do something productive, while your food cooks itself. less smell and more hygienic. Bacteria can't grow as the food is still piping hot after several hours. Extremely simple (and cheap) to make....